Question

What do you mean by Satyagraha? Analyse three Satyagraha movements launched by Mahatma Gandhi.

Hint:

Satyagraha played a crucial role in India's independence struggle by advocating non-violence and truth to challenge British rule effectively.

Answer 1

Satyagraha:
Satyagraha is a philosophy of non-violent resistance and civil disobedience introduced by Mahatma Gandhi . It is derived from two Sanskrit words:
"Satya" meaning truth and "Agraha" meaning firmness or holding on . Satyagraha is a method of non-violent protest where individuals or groups resist oppression or injustice without using physical force. Gandhi believed that truth and non-violence were the most powerful tools for achieving social and political change.
Three Satyagraha Movements Launched by Mahatma Gandhi:


Champaran Satyagraha (1917):
The first successful use of Satyagraha was in Champaran , Bihar, where Gandhi launched a movement against the exploitation of indigo farmers by British planters. The farmers were forced to grow indigo instead of food crops and were subjected to harsh conditions. Gandhi’s non-violent resistance forced the British government to set up an inquiry, resulting in compensation for the farmers and relief from oppressive practices.
Kheda Satyagraha (1918):
In Kheda (Gujarat), peasants were suffering due to famine and a high land tax imposed by the British. Gandhi organized a Satyagraha where peasants refused to pay the tax, demanding relief. Gandhi’s method of non-violent protest led to a successful compromise with the British authorities, who agreed to suspend the tax and provide relief to the peasants.
Salt March (Dandi March) (1930):
The Salt March was one of the most significant movements in India’s fight for independence. Gandhi led a march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi (a coastal village) to protest against the British salt tax, which prohibited Indians from producing or collecting salt independently. The march gained massive support across the country and is considered a pivotal event in India’s struggle for freedom.