- d-block elements: Elements in which the last electron enters the d-orbital. Examples: Transition metals like Fe, Cu.
- f-block elements: Elements in which the last electron enters the f-orbital. Examples: Lanthanides and Actinides.
(i) Ethanol is heated with sodium bromide and conc. \( H_2SO_4 \):
(ii) Toluene reacts with \( Cl_2 \) gas in the presence of Fe powder in the dark:
(iii) Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with water:
(iv) 2-Bromopentane is heated with alcoholic \( KOH \):