Question

Under what circumstances was the Indian National Congress established?

Hint:

The founding of the INC in 1885 was the first step toward India’s united political freedom struggle.

Answer 1

The Indian National Congress was formed under the initiative of A.O. Hume, a retired British officer, with support from Indian leaders. By the late 19th century, educated Indians were deeply dissatisfied with British economic policies that drained India’s wealth. Famines, poverty, and unemployment increased unrest. Social reform movements had spread awareness, and newspapers and education gave Indians a sense of unity. Leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendranath Banerjee, and W.C. Bonnerjee realized the need for a national political platform. Thus, in 1885, the Congress was established to present Indian demands peacefully before the British, marking the beginning of organized political struggle.