Step 1: The electrostatic force between two charges is given by Coulomb's law: \[ F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} \] where \( q_1 \) and \( q_2 \) are the charges, \( r \) is the distance between them, and \( k \) is Coulomb's constant.
Step 2: Initially, the force between the two charges is \( F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} \).
Step 3: After the balls are brought into contact, the charges redistribute equally, so: \[ q_1 = q_2 = q \] \[ F' = k \frac{q^2}{\left(\frac{r}{2}\right)^2} = 4k \frac{q^2}{r^2} \] \[ F' = 4.5F \]
Step 4: From the equation, we find that: \[ 4 \cdot F = 4.5F \quad \Rightarrow \quad q_1 = 2q_2 \]
Step 5: The ratio of charges is \( 2:1 \).
The following graph indicates the system containing 1 mole of gas involving various steps. When it moves from Z to X, the type of undergoing process is: