Two cylinders A and B of equal capacity are connected to each other via a stopcock. A contains a gas at standard temperature and pressure. B is completely evacuated. The entire system is thermally insulated. The stopcock is suddenly opened. Answer the following :
(a) What is the final pressure of the gas in A and B ?
(b) What is the change in internal energy of the gas ?
(c) What is the change in the temperature of the gas ?
Two cylinders A and B of equal capacity are connected to each other via a stopcock. A contains a gas at standard temperature and pressure. B is completely evacuated. The entire system is thermally insulated. The stopcock is suddenly opened. Answer the following :
(a) What is the final pressure of the gas in A and B ?
(b) What is the change in internal energy of the gas ?
(c) What is the change in the temperature of the gas ?
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is
Top Questions on Thermal equilibrium
- An electric heater supplies heat to a system at a rate of 100W. If system performs work at a rate of 75 joules per second. At what rate is the internal energy increasing?
- CBSE Class XI
- Physics
- Thermal equilibrium
Two cylinders A and B of equal capacity are connected to each other via a stopcock. A contains a gas at standard temperature and pressure. B is completely evacuated. The entire system is thermally insulated. The stopcock is suddenly opened. Answer the following :
(a) What is the final pressure of the gas in A and B ?
(b) What is the change in internal energy of the gas ?
(c) What is the change in the temperature of the gas ?
- CBSE Class XI
- Physics
- Thermal equilibrium
Two cylinders A and B of equal capacity are connected to each other via a stopcock. A contains a gas at standard temperature and pressure. B is completely evacuated. The entire system is thermally insulated. The stopcock is suddenly opened. Answer the following 1) What is the final pressure of the gas in A and B? 2) What is the change in internal energy of the gas? 3) What is the change in the temperature of the gas?
- CBSE Class XI
- Physics
- Thermal equilibrium
Explain why
(a) Two bodies at different temperatures T1 and T2 if brought in thermal contact do not necessarily settle to the mean temperature \(\frac{(T1 + T2 )}{2}\).
(b) The coolant in a chemical or a nuclear plant (i.e., the liquid used to prevent the different parts of a plant from getting too hot) should have high specific heat.
(c) Air pressure in a car tyre increases during driving.
(d) The climate of a harbour town is more temperate than that of a town in a desert at the same latitude.
- CBSE Class XI
- Physics
- Thermal equilibrium
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Concepts Used:
Equilibrium
An equilibrium represents a state in a process when the observable properties such as color, temperature, pressure, concentration etc do not show any change.
The word equilibrium means ‘balance’ which indicates that a chemical reaction represents a balance between the reactants and products taking part in the reaction. The equilibrium state is also noticed in certain physical processes such as the melting point of ice at 0℃, both ice and water are present at equilibrium.
In the case of physical processes such as the melting of solid, dissolution of salt in water etc., the equilibrium is called physical equilibrium while the equilibrium associated with chemical reaction is known as chemical equilibrium.
Equilibrium in Chemical changes
The chemical equilibrium in a reversible reaction is the state at which both forward and backward reactions occur at the same speed.
The stage of the reversible reaction at which the concentration of the reactants and products do not change with time is called the equilibrium state.
Read More: Calculating Equilibrium Concentration
Types of Chemical Equilibrium
There are two types of chemical equilibrium:
- Homogeneous Equilibrium
- Heterogeneous Equilibrium
Homogenous Chemical Equilibrium
In this type, the reactants and the products of chemical equilibrium are all in the same phase. Homogenous equilibrium can be further divided into two types: Reactions in which the number of molecules of the products is equal to the number of molecules of the reactants. For example,
- H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI (g)
- N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO (g)
Reactions in which the number of molecules of the products is not equal to the total number of reactant molecules. For example,
- 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2SO3 (g)
- COCl2 (g) ⇌ CO (g) + Cl2 (g)
Heterogeneous Chemical Equilibrium
In this type, the reactants and the products of chemical equilibrium are present in different phases. A few examples of heterogeneous equilibrium are listed below.
- CO2 (g) + C (s) ⇌ 2CO (g)
- CaCO3 (s) ⇌ CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
Thus, the different types of chemical equilibrium are based on the phase of the reactants and products.
Check Out: Equilibrium Important Questions