Question

Toluene reacts with mixed acid at 25°C to produce:

• A. Nearly equal amounts of o- and m-nitrotoluene
• B. p-Nitrotoluene (only)
• C. Predominantly o-nitrotoluene and p-nitrotoluene
• D. 2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene (only)

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

At 25°C, nitration of toluene with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid (mixed acid) predominantly gives ortho- and para-nitrotoluene as the products.

The para isomer is the major product due to steric and electronic factors.

The methyl group on toluene is an activating group, which directs the nitro group to the ortho and para positions.

Answer 2

Correct Answer:

Option 3: Predominantly o-nitrotoluene and p-nitrotoluene

Explanation:

1. Nitration of Toluene:

Toluene undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution with mixed acid (HNO₃/H₂SO₄).

2. Directing Effect of Methyl Group (CH₃):

The methyl group (CH₃) is an ortho-para directing group.

3. Temperature Effect:

At 25°C, the reaction is under kinetic control. Ortho and para products are favored.

4. Product Distribution:

The major products are ortho-nitrotoluene and para-nitrotoluene. Meta-nitrotoluene is formed in very small amounts. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene requires higher temperatures.