The species in which nitrogen atom is in a state of sp hybridisation is
- NO3-
- NO2
- NO2+
- NO2-
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
To find the hybridisation of nitrogen in different species, we use this rule:
- Count the regions of electron density (i.e., number of sigma bonds + lone pairs).
- Use the following chart:
| Number of regions | Hybridisation | Geometry |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | sp | Linear |
| 3 | sp2 | Trigonal planar |
| 4 | sp3 | Tetrahedral |
1) NO3− (Nitrate ion):
- N is bonded to 3 O atoms.
- It has no lone pair.
- Total regions = 3 → sp2 hybridisation.
2) NO2 (Nitrogen dioxide):
- N is bonded to 2 O atoms.
- It has 1 lone pair.
- Total regions = 3 → sp2 hybridisation.
3) NO2− (Nitrite ion):
- N is bonded to 2 O atoms.
- It has 1 lone pair.
- Total regions = 3 → sp2 hybridisation.
4) NO2+ (Nitronium ion):
- N is bonded to 2 O atoms.
- It has no lone pair.
- Total regions = 2 → sp hybridisation.
Conclusion: Only NO2+ has nitrogen in sp hybridisation.
Correct answer: (C) NO2+
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Concepts Used:
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Such a group of atoms is called a molecule. Obviously, there must be some force that holds these constituent atoms together in the molecules. The attractive force which holds various constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together in different chemical species is called a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds:
There are 4 types of chemical bonds which are formed by atoms or molecules to yield compounds.
- Ionic Bonds - Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding which involves a transfer of electrons from one atom or molecule to another.
- Covalent Bonds - Compounds that contain carbon commonly exhibit this type of chemical bonding.
- Hydrogen Bonds - It is a type of polar covalent bonding between oxygen and hydrogen wherein the hydrogen develops a partial positive charge
- Polar Bonds - In Polar Covalent chemical bonding, electrons are shared unequally since the more electronegative atom pulls the electron pair closer to itself and away from the less electronegative atom.
Factors Affecting Bond Enthalpy in Chemical Bonding:
- Size of the Atom
- Multiplicity of Bonds
- Number of Lone Pair of Electrons Present
- Bond Angle