Question:
The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.
Social movement organizations often struggle to mobilize supporters from allied movements in their efforts to achieve critical mass. Organizations with hybrid identities—those whose organizational identities span the boundaries of two or more social movements, issues, or identities—are vital to mobilizing these constituencies. Studies of the post-9/11 U.S. antiwar movement show that individuals with past involvement in non-anti-war movements are more likely to join hybrid organizations than are individuals without involvement in non-anti-war movements. In addition, they show that organizations with hybrid identities occupy relatively more central positions in inter-organizational contact networks within the antiwar movement and thus recruit significantly more participants in demonstrations than do nonhybrid organizations.
The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.
Social movement organizations often struggle to mobilize supporters from allied movements in their efforts to achieve critical mass. Organizations with hybrid identities—those whose organizational identities span the boundaries of two or more social movements, issues, or identities—are vital to mobilizing these constituencies. Studies of the post-9/11 U.S. antiwar movement show that individuals with past involvement in non-anti-war movements are more likely to join hybrid organizations than are individuals without involvement in non-anti-war movements. In addition, they show that organizations with hybrid identities occupy relatively more central positions in inter-organizational contact networks within the antiwar movement and thus recruit significantly more participants in demonstrations than do nonhybrid organizations.
Social movement organizations often struggle to mobilize supporters from allied movements in their efforts to achieve critical mass. Organizations with hybrid identities—those whose organizational identities span the boundaries of two or more social movements, issues, or identities—are vital to mobilizing these constituencies. Studies of the post-9/11 U.S. antiwar movement show that individuals with past involvement in non-anti-war movements are more likely to join hybrid organizations than are individuals without involvement in non-anti-war movements. In addition, they show that organizations with hybrid identities occupy relatively more central positions in inter-organizational contact networks within the antiwar movement and thus recruit significantly more participants in demonstrations than do nonhybrid organizations.
Updated On: Jul 26, 2025
- Post 9/11 studies show that people who are involved in non anti-war movements are likely to join hybrid organizations.
- Movements that work towards social change often find it difficult to mobilize a critical mass of supporters.
Hybrid organizations attract individuals that are deeply involved in anti-war movements.
Organizations with hybrid identities are able to mobilize individuals with different points of view.
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
To determine the summary that best captures the essence of the passage, we need to analyze the key points described:
- The focus is on social movement organizations that struggle to mobilize supporters from allied movements to achieve critical mass.
- The importance of organizations with hybrid identities is highlighted as crucial in mobilizing various constituencies.
- Studies of the post-9/11 U.S. antiwar movement indicate individuals with past involvement in other movements are more likely to join these hybrid organizations.
- Hybrid organizations hold more central roles in inter-organizational networks and recruit more participants than non-hybrid organizations.
Now, let's evaluate the options:
- Option 1: "Post 9/11 studies show that people who are involved in non anti-war movements are likely to join hybrid organizations."
- Option 2: "Movements that work towards social change often find it difficult to mobilize a critical mass of supporters."
- Option 3: "Hybrid organizations attract individuals that are deeply involved in anti-war movements."
- Option 4: "Organizations with hybrid identities are able to mobilize individuals with different points of view."
Analysis of the Options:
- Option 1 focuses only on an aspect related to hybrid organizations without capturing their role in mobilizing diverse constituencies.
- Option 2 mentions the struggle but omits the discussion of the solution involving hybrid organizations.
- Option 3 incorrectly suggests hybrid organizations exclusively attract those involved in anti-war movements.
- Option 4 accurately synthesizes the passage's core idea by emphasizing that hybrid organizations mobilize individuals with various perspectives, aligning with the study findings and the overall description of hybrid organizations.
Therefore, Option 4 is the most comprehensive and correct summary of the passage.
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