Question:
The number of S-S bonds and the number of lone pairs in S8 molecule,respectively,are:
The number of S-S bonds and the number of lone pairs in S8 molecule,respectively,are:
Updated On: Apr 7, 2025
8, 8
8, 16
16, 8
8, 4
4, 8
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The Correct Option is B
Approach Solution - 1
S8 molecule structure:
- Crown-shaped cyclic molecule with 8 sulfur atoms
- Each S atom forms 2 S-S bonds (total 8 bonds in ring)
- Each S atom has 2 lone pairs (total 16 lone pairs)
Thus, the correct option is (B): 8, 16.
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Approach Solution -2
1. Analyze the structure of the \( S_8 \) molecule:
The \( S_8 \) molecule is a cyclic octatomic sulfur molecule, where eight sulfur atoms are bonded together in a ring structure. Each sulfur atom forms two covalent bonds: one with each adjacent sulfur atom. The key points to consider are:
- Sulfur has six valence electrons.
- In the \( S_8 \) ring, each sulfur atom forms two single covalent bonds (one with each neighboring sulfur atom).
- The remaining four valence electrons on each sulfur atom exist as two lone pairs.
2. Count the number of S-S bonds:
- Since the \( S_8 \) molecule is a closed ring, there are exactly 8 S-S single bonds in the structure (one bond between each pair of adjacent sulfur atoms).
3. Count the number of lone pairs:
- Each sulfur atom contributes two lone pairs (4 electrons).
- With 8 sulfur atoms in the molecule, the total number of lone pairs is:
- \( 8 \times 2 = 16 \) lone pairs.
4. Match the result with the given options:
- The number of S-S bonds is 8, and the number of lone pairs is 16.
- This matches Option (B).
5. Final answer:
The correct option is (B) 8, 16.
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Concepts Used:
VSEPR theory
The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory abbreviated as VSEPR theory is based on the premise that there is a repulsion between the pairs of valence electrons in all atoms, and the atoms will always tend to arrange themselves in a manner in which this electron pair repulsion is minimalized.
Postulates of Valence Bond Theory
- The overlapping of two half-filled valence orbitals of two different atoms forms the covalent bond. The electron density between two linked atoms increases due to the overlapping. The molecule thus gains the property of stability.
- More than one bond can be created if the atomic orbitals contain more than one unpaired electron. As per the valence bond theory, the paired electrons in the valence shell cannot participate in such bond formation.
- A covalent bond has a specific direction. The region of overlapping atomic orbitals is also parallel to such a bond.
- There are two types of covalent bonds based on the overlapping pattern: sigma bonds and pi bonds. The pi bond is formed by the overlapping of atomic orbitals sideways, whereas the sigma bond is created by the overlapping of atomic orbitals along the axis of the nucleus.
Types of Hybrid Orbitals:
Applications of Valence Bond Theory
- The maximum overlap conditions which is given by the valence bond theory can explain the formation of covalent bonds in many compounds.
- One of its most important applications is the variation in the length and strength of chemical bonds in H2 and F2 molecules can be explained by the difference in their overlapping orbitals.
- The overlap of the 1s orbital of the hydrogen atom and the 2p orbital of the fluorine atom makes the covalent bond in an HF molecule which is explained by the valence bond theory.
Limitations of the VSEPR theory
- The VSEPR model is not a theory. It does not explain or attempt to explain any observations or predictions. Rather, it is an algorithm that accurately predicts the structures of a large number of compounds.
- VSEPR is simple and useful but does not work for all chemical species.
- First, the idealized bond angles do not always match the measured values. For example, VSEPR predicts that and will have the same bond angles, but structural studies have shown the bonds in the two molecules are different by 12 degrees.
- VSEPR also predicts that group-2 halides such as will be linear when they are actually bent. Quantum mechanics and atomic orbitals can give more sophisticated predictions when VSEPR is inadequate.