The minimum number of elements that must be added to the relation $R=\{(a, b),(b, c),(b, d)\}$ on the set $\{a, b, c, d\}$ so that it is an equivalence relation, is _______
Correct Answer: 13
Approach Solution - 1
Given
In order to make it equivalence relation as per given set, must be
,
There already given so 13 more to be added.
Approach Solution -2
Step 1: Ensure Reflexivity
For reflexivity, each element in the set \( \{ a, b, c, d \} \) must relate to itself. Thus, the following pairs need to be added:
\[ (a, a), (b, b), (c, c), (d, d). \]
Step 2: Ensure Symmetry
For symmetry, if \( (x, y) \in R \), then \( (y, x) \) must also be in \( R \). The given relation is:
\[ R = \{ (a, b), (b, c), (b, d) \}. \]
To ensure symmetry, the following pairs need to be added:
\[ (b, a), (c, b), (d, b). \]
Step 3: Ensure Transitivity
For transitivity, if \( (x, y) \in R \) and \( (y, z) \in R \), then \( (x, z) \) must also be in \( R \). Adding the necessary pairs for transitivity gives:
\[ (a, c), (a, d), (c, a), (d, a), (c, d), (d, c). \]
Step 4: Total pairs to be added
The total number of pairs to be added is:
\[ 4 \text{ (reflexive)} + 3 \text{ (symmetric)} + 6 \text{ (transitive)} = 13. \]
Top Questions on Relations
- The number of relations on the set $ A = \{1, 2, 3\} $ containing at most 6 elements including $ (1, 2) $, which are reflexive and transitive but not symmetric, is:
- Let $ A = \{-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3\} $ and $ R $ be a relation on $ A $ defined by $ xRy $ if and only if $ 2x - y \in \{0, 1\} $. Let $ l $ be the number of elements in $ R $. Let $ m $ and $ n $ be the minimum number of elements required to be added in $ R $ to make it reflexive and symmetric relations, respectively. Then $ l + m + n $ is equal to:
- Let the set of all relations $ R $ on the set $ \{a, b, c, d, e, f\} $, such that $ R $ is reflexive and symmetric, and $ R $ contains exactly 10 elements, be denoted by $ S $. Then the number of elements in $ S $ is ___.
- Define a relation \( R \) on the interval \( [0, \frac{\pi}{2}] \) by \( xRy \) if and only if \( \sec^2 x - \tan^2 y = 1 \). Then \( R \) is:
- Let \( R \) be a relation on \( \mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{Z} \) defined by \((a, b) R (c, d)\) if and only if \(ad - bc\) is divisible by 5.
Then \( R \) is:
Questions Asked in JEE Main exam
- Density of 3 M NaCl solution is 1.25 g/mL. The molality of the solution is:
- JEE Main - 2025
- Solutions
In the given circuit the sliding contact is pulled outwards such that the electric current in the circuit changes at the rate of 8 A/s. At an instant when R is 12 Ω, the value of the current in the circuit will be A.- JEE Main - 2025
- Electrical Circuits
- Let \( \vec{a} = \hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + \hat{k} \) and \( \vec{b} = 2\hat{i} + 7\hat{j} + 3\hat{k} \). Let \( L_1 : \vec{r} = (-\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + \hat{k}) + \lambda \vec{a}, \lambda \in {R} \) and \( L_2 : \vec{r} = (\hat{j} + \hat{k}) + \mu \vec{b}, \mu \in \mathbb{R} \) be two lines. If the line \( L_3 \) passes through the point of intersection of \( L_1 \) and \( L_2 \), and is parallel to \( \vec{a} + \vec{b} \), then \( L_3 \) passes through the point:
- JEE Main - 2025
- Vectors
Let $ P_n = \alpha^n + \beta^n $, $ n \in \mathbb{N} $. If $ P_{10} = 123,\ P_9 = 76,\ P_8 = 47 $ and $ P_1 = 1 $, then the quadratic equation having roots $ \alpha $ and $ \frac{1}{\beta} $ is:
- JEE Main - 2025
- Relations and functions
For $ \alpha, \beta, \gamma \in \mathbb{R} $, if $$ \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{x^2 \sin \alpha x + (\gamma - 1)e^{x^2} - 3}{\sin 2x - \beta x} = 3, $$ then $ \beta + \gamma - \alpha $ is equal to:
Concepts Used:
Relations and functions
A relation R from a non-empty set B is a subset of the cartesian product A × B. The subset is derived by describing a relationship between the first element and the second element of the ordered pairs in A × B.
A relation f from a set A to a set B is said to be a function if every element of set A has one and only one image in set B. In other words, no two distinct elements of B have the same pre-image.
Representation of Relation and Function
Relations and functions can be represented in different forms such as arrow representation, algebraic form, set-builder form, graphically, roster form, and tabular form. Define a function f: A = {1, 2, 3} → B = {1, 4, 9} such that f(1) = 1, f(2) = 4, f(3) = 9. Now, represent this function in different forms.
- Set-builder form - {(x, y): f(x) = y2, x ∈ A, y ∈ B}
- Roster form - {(1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9)}
- Arrow Representation
