Question:

The graphs shown represent the relationship between population size (NN) and population growth rate dNdt\frac{dN}{dt}. Which one of the following growth curves represents a density-dependent population that experiences a strong Allee effect?
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To identify an Allee effect: 1. Look for negative growth at very small population sizes.
2. A strong Allee effect includes a critical threshold population size below which the population declines.
3. Growth peaks at intermediate population sizes before declining near carrying capacity.
Updated On: Jan 24, 2025
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Understand the Allee effect. The Allee effect describes a phenomenon where a population’s growth rate decreases when the population size is very small. This occurs due to challenges such as difficulty finding mates or cooperative behaviors not being effective at low densities. A strong Allee effect results in a critical population size below which the population declines to extinction. Step 2: Identify the characteristics of the growth curve. A population with a strong Allee effect will exhibit: 1. Negative growth (dNdt<0\frac{dN}{dt}<0) for very small NN, as the population cannot sustain itself. 2. Positive growth (dNdt>0\frac{dN}{dt} > 0) as NN increases beyond a critical threshold. 3. A peak in growth rate at an intermediate population size. 4. Declining growth (dNdt0\frac{dN}{dt} \to 0) as the population approaches carrying capacity. Step 3: Analyze the graphs. Graph P: Correct. This graph represents the strong Allee effect, showing negative growth for small NN, a critical threshold, and a peak at intermediate NN. Graph Q: Incorrect. This graph shows logistic growth, which does not include negative growth at small NN. Graph R: Incorrect. This graph shows continuous positive growth rates at all population sizes, inconsistent with the Allee effect. Graph S: Incorrect. This linear growth pattern does not capture the density-dependent dynamics of the Allee effect.
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