Question:

The electric field associated with an electromagnetic wave propagating in a dielectric medium is given by \(\vec{E}\)=30(2π‘₯Μ‚ + 𝑦̂)sin [2πœ‹ (5Γ—1014𝑑 βˆ’\(\frac{10^7}{3}z\))] Vmβˆ’1. Which of the following option(s) is(are) correct? [Given: The speed of light in vacuum, 𝑐 = 3 Γ— 108 msβˆ’1]

Updated On: May 15, 2025
  • 𝐡π‘₯ = βˆ’2 Γ— 10βˆ’7 sin [2πœ‹(5Γ—1014π‘‘βˆ’\(\frac{10^7}{3}z\))]Wbβˆ’2
  • 𝐡y=2Γ—10βˆ’7 sin[2πœ‹(5Γ—1014π‘‘βˆ’\(\frac{10^7}{3}z\))]Wbβˆ’2
  • The wave is polarized in the π‘₯𝑦-plane with a polarization angle 30Β° with respect to the π‘₯-axis.
  • The refractive index of the medium is 2
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The Correct Option is A, D

Approach Solution - 1

the speed of light in a medium is V=\(\frac{w}{k}\)
\(v=\frac{3\times5\times10^{14}}{10^7}\)
\(v=1.5\times10^8\)
refractive index = \(\mu\) = \(\frac{C}{V}=\frac{3\times10^8}{1.5\times10^8}=2\)
\(\mu=2\)
given, \(\vec{E}=30(2\hat{x}+\hat{y})\,sin(2\pi(5\times10^{14}-\frac{10^7}{3}))^\frac{1}{m}\)
The electric field associated with an electromagnetic wave propagating in a dielectric medium
\(B_0=\frac{E_0}{V}=\frac{30\sqrt{5}}{1.5\times10^8}\)
Direction of \(\vec{B_0}\) is (\(\vec{V}\times\vec{E}\))
\(\vec{V}\times\vec{E}=\hat{k}\times\frac{2\hat{i}+\hat{j}}{\sqrt5}\)
\((\frac{-\hat{i}+2\hat{j}}{\sqrt5})\) put value \(\vec{B_0}\) = \(\frac{30\sqrt5}{1.5\times10^8}\times(\frac{-\hat{i}+2\hat{j}}{\sqrt5})\)
\(B_x=-2\times10^7\)
 
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Approach Solution -2

 Explanation:
- The speed of light \( V \) in a medium is given by \( \frac{\omega}{k} \).
- Using the provided frequency and wave number, \( v = \frac{3 \times 5 \times 10^{14}}{10^7} \).
- This calculates to \( v = 1.5 \times 10^8 \) m/s.
- The refractive index \( \mu \) is calculated as \( \frac{C}{V} = \frac{3 \times 10^8}{1.5 \times 10^8} = 2 \).
- Given the electric field \( \vec{E} = 30(2\hat{x}+\hat{y})\sin\left[2\pi\left(5\times10^{14}t-\frac{z}{3\times10^7}\right)\right] \, \text{Vm}^{-1} \).
- The magnetic field amplitude \( B_0 = \frac{E_0}{V} = \frac{30\sqrt{5}}{1.5\times10^8} \).
- The direction of \( \vec{B_0} \) is given by \( \vec{V} \times \vec{E} \).
- Calculating \( \vec{V} \times \vec{E} = \hat{k} \times \frac{2\hat{i} + \hat{j}}{\sqrt{5}} = \frac{-\hat{i} + 2\hat{j}}{\sqrt{5}} \).
- Therefore, \( \vec{B_0} = \frac{30\sqrt{5}}{1.5\times10^8} \times \frac{-\hat{i}+2\hat{j}}{\sqrt{5}} \).
- Finally, \( B_x = -2 \times 10^{-7} \).
Further:
- The speed of light \( V \) in the medium is derived using \( V = \frac{\omega}{k} \).
- Calculating with the given values, \( V = 1.5 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s} \).
- The refractive index \( \mu \) is found to be 2 using \( \mu = \frac{C}{V} \).
- Given the electric field expression, the magnetic field \( B_0 \) and its direction are determined by \( \vec{V} \times \vec{E} \).
- The correct options are A and D.

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Concepts Used:

Electromagnetic waves

The waves that are produced when an electric field comes into contact with a magnetic field are known as Electromagnetic Waves or EM waves. The constitution of an oscillating magnetic field and electric fields gives rise to electromagnetic waves.

Types of Electromagnetic Waves:

Electromagnetic waves can be grouped according to the direction of disturbance in them and according to the range of their frequency. Recall that a wave transfers energy from one point to another point in space. That means there are two things going on: the disturbance that defines a wave, and the propagation of wave. In this context the waves are grouped into the following two categories:

  • Longitudinal waves: A wave is called a longitudinal wave when the disturbances in the wave are parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave. For example, sound waves are longitudinal waves because the change of pressure occurs parallel to the direction of wave propagation.
  • Transverse waves: A wave is called a transverse wave when the disturbances in the wave are perpendicular (at right angles) to the direction of propagation of the wave.