Comprehension
The diagram below shows DNA banding patterns obtained after DNA samples collected from a crime scene were subjected to gel electrophoresis. Samples from crime scene are denoted by C and three suspects are represented by Sı, S2, S3.
Question: 1
Which suspect’s DNA sample matches the sample collected from the crime scene (C) based on the provided banding patterns?
Which suspect’s DNA sample matches the sample collected from the crime scene (C) based on the provided banding patterns?
Show Hint
In DNA fingerprinting, every single band in the evidence sample must have a corresponding band in the suspect's sample for it to be a match.
Updated On: Mar 9, 2026
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Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
DNA profiling involves matching VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeats) bands across multiple levels in electrophoresis.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
By carefully comparing the bands in lane 'C' with those in \(S_1\), \(S_2\), and \(S_3\):
1. Level 1: C matches \(S_2, S_3\).
2. Level 2: C matches \(S_1, S_2\).
3. Level 3: C matches only \(S_2\).
4. Level 4: C matches only \(S_2\).
Comparing all 7 levels, the complete sequence of bands in C is identical only to Suspect 2 (\(S_2\)).
Step 3: Final Answer:
Suspect 2 is the match.
DNA profiling involves matching VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeats) bands across multiple levels in electrophoresis.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
By carefully comparing the bands in lane 'C' with those in \(S_1\), \(S_2\), and \(S_3\):
1. Level 1: C matches \(S_2, S_3\).
2. Level 2: C matches \(S_1, S_2\).
3. Level 3: C matches only \(S_2\).
4. Level 4: C matches only \(S_2\).
Comparing all 7 levels, the complete sequence of bands in C is identical only to Suspect 2 (\(S_2\)).
Step 3: Final Answer:
Suspect 2 is the match.
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Question: 2
Mention the principle on which DNA profiling is based.
Mention the principle on which DNA profiling is based.
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Polymorphism at the DNA level is the basis of both genetic mapping and DNA fingerprinting.
Updated On: Mar 9, 2026
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Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
DNA profiling identifies unique regions in a person's genome.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The principle is based on DNA polymorphism, specifically in the non-coding repetitive DNA sequences called satellite DNA.
The most commonly used markers are VNTRs (Variable Number of Tandem Repeats). The size and number of these repeats vary from individual to individual, creating a unique "fingerprint."
Step 3: Final Answer:
The principle is DNA polymorphism using VNTRs.
DNA profiling identifies unique regions in a person's genome.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The principle is based on DNA polymorphism, specifically in the non-coding repetitive DNA sequences called satellite DNA.
The most commonly used markers are VNTRs (Variable Number of Tandem Repeats). The size and number of these repeats vary from individual to individual, creating a unique "fingerprint."
Step 3: Final Answer:
The principle is DNA polymorphism using VNTRs.
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