Question

State two features of Indian Federal system.

Hint:

Write “Division of powers + Supreme Constitution + Independent judiciary” to fetch full marks on federal features.

Answer 1

India has a dual polity—Union and States—created by a written, supreme Constitution. Legislative, administrative and fiscal powers are allocated by Union, State and Concurrent Lists, and residuary powers rest with the Union. The Constitution is supreme; both levels derive authority from it, not from each other. An integrated judiciary with the Supreme Court at the apex safeguards fundamental rights and adjudicates Centre–State conflicts. Features such as single citizenship, all-India services, integrated election machinery and emergency provisions make Indian federalism tilted toward a strong Union, yet cooperative and flexible through institutions like the Inter-State Council, Finance Commission and GST Council that enable shared rule with self-rule.