Comprehension
Ribose and 2-deoxyribose have an important role in biology. Among the most important derivatives are those with phosphate groups attached at the 5 position. Mono-, di- and tri-phosphate forms are important, as well as 3-5 cyclic monophosphates. Purines and pyrimidines form an important class of compounds with ribose and deoxyribose. When these purine and pyrimidine derivatives are coupled to a ribose sugar, they are called nucleosides.
Question: 1
What products would be formed when DNA is hydrolyzed? How is DNA different from RNA with reference to structure?
What products would be formed when DNA is hydrolyzed? How is DNA different from RNA with reference to structure?
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Remember, DNA stores genetic information and is double-stranded, while RNA is involved in protein synthesis and is single-stranded.
Updated On: Jan 14, 2026
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Solution and Explanation
When DNA is hydrolyzed, the products formed are nucleotides. The hydrolysis breaks the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides, resulting in the formation of individual nucleotide units.
DNA is different from RNA in that DNA contains deoxyribose as the sugar, while RNA contains ribose. Additionally, DNA is double-stranded and forms a double helix, whereas RNA is single-stranded. DNA uses thymine as a nitrogenous base, while RNA uses uracil in place of thymine.
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Question: 2
Differentiate between nucleotide and nucleoside.
Differentiate between nucleotide and nucleoside.
Updated On: Jan 14, 2026
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Solution and Explanation
A nucleoside consists of a nitrogenous base (purine or pyrimidine) and a sugar (ribose or de-
oxyribose), but it lacks a phosphate group. A nucleotide, on the other hand, consists of a
nucleoside with one or more phosphate groups attached to the sugar molecule. The presence
of a phosphate group makes the nucleotide a key component of nucleic acids.
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Question: 3
Mention two important functions of nucleic acids.
Mention two important functions of nucleic acids.
Updated On: Jan 14, 2026
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Solution and Explanation
Two important functions of nucleic acids are: 1. Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic infor-
mation in the form of DNA. 2. RNA plays a key role in protein synthesis, acting as a messenger
between DNA and the ribosome.
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Question: 4
Name the linkage which joins two nucleotides. Name the base that is found
in nucleotide of RNA but not DNA.
Name the linkage which joins two nucleotides. Name the base that is found
in nucleotide of RNA but not DNA.
Updated On: Jan 14, 2026
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Solution and Explanation
The linkage that joins two nucleotides is the phosphodiester bond, which connects the 3’ carbon
of one sugar molecule to the 5’ carbon of the next sugar molecule. The base that is found in
RNA but not in DNA is uracil (U), which replaces thymine (T) in RNA.
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