Question

Principle: Terms of any written contract can be proved by producing the written contract only and oral evidence is excluded.
Facts: A gives B receipt for money paid by B. Oral evidence is offered to prove payment.

• A. Oral evidence to prove payment is allowed
• B. Oral evidence to prove payment is not allowed
• C. Oral evidence is always allowed to prove all facts
• D. Oral evidence is generally disallowed

Hint:

In contract law, oral evidence cannot alter or contradict the written contract unless there is an exception like fraud or mistake. Always ensure that written documents are clear and detailed.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

The principle provided in the question is referring to the "written contract rule" in contract law, which states that the terms of any contract can only be proved by presenting the written contract itself. Oral evidence is not admissible to alter or contradict the terms of the written contract. The written contract serves as the primary evidence of the agreement's terms. If B wants to prove payment, they must rely on the written receipt provided by A, and oral evidence cannot be used to dispute or support the facts of the payment unless there's an exception like fraud or duress.
Thus, the correct answer is (B).
Option (A) is incorrect because oral evidence is excluded in this case as per the written contract rule. Option (C) is incorrect because oral evidence is not always allowed, especially when the written contract is involved. Option (D) is incorrect because while oral evidence is generally excluded, it is not absolutely disallowed in all cases—there are exceptions for certain circumstances.