Observe the following reactions:
\( AB(g) + 25 H_2O(l) \rightarrow AB(H_2S{O_4}) \quad \Delta H = x \, {kJ/mol}^{-1} \)
\( AB(g) + 50 H_2O(l) \rightarrow AB(H_2SO_4) \quad \Delta H = y \, {kJ/mol}^{-1} \)
The enthalpy of dilution, \( \Delta H_{dil} \) in kJ/mol\(^{-1}\), is:

In the first configuration (1) as shown in the figure, four identical charges \( q_0 \) are kept at the corners A, B, C and D of square of side length \( a \). In the second configuration (2), the same charges are shifted to mid points C, E, H, and F of the square. If \( K = \frac{1}{4\pi \epsilon_0} \), the difference between the potential energies of configuration (2) and (1) is given by:
The rate of a chemical reaction is defined as the change in concentration of any one of the reactants or products per unit time.
Consider the reaction A → B,
Rate of the reaction is given by,
Rate = −d[A]/ dt=+d[B]/ dt
Where, [A] → concentration of reactant A
[B] → concentration of product B
(-) A negative sign indicates a decrease in the concentration of A with time.
(+) A positive sign indicates an increase in the concentration of B with time.
There are certain factors that determine the rate of a reaction: