Niobium (Nb) and ruthenium (Ru) have "x" and "y" number of electrons in their respective 4d orbitals. The value of \( x + y \) is:
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Answer: 11
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The number of electrons in the d-orbitals for transition metals can be determined by their electron configuration, which can be identified from the periodic table.
Niobium (Nb) has the electron configuration [Kr] 4d\(^4\) 5s\(^1\), which means it has 4 electrons in the 4d orbitals.
Ruthenium (Ru) has the electron configuration [Kr] 4d\(^7\) 5s\(^1\), which means it has 7 electrons in the 4d orbitals.
Thus, the sum of electrons in the 4d orbitals of Nb and Ru is:
\[
x + y = 4 + 7 = 11
\]