The error that occurs in Excel when it doesn't recognize text in a formula is the \#NAME? error.
This error typically arises when:
\begin{itemize}
\item A function name is misspelled (e.g., `=SUMM(A1:A5)` instead of `=SUM(A1:A5)`).
\item A named range used in the formula does not exist or is misspelled.
\item Text used in a formula is not enclosed in double quotation marks (e.g., `=IF(A1$>$10,Pass,Fail)` instead of `=IF(A1$>$10,"Pass","Fail")`).
\item A function requires an add-in that is not installed or enabled.
\end{itemize}
Two solutions to correct the \#NAME? error:
(A) Check Spelling: Carefully verify the spelling of function names (e.g., `SUM`, `AVERAGE`, `VLOOKUP`) and any named ranges used in the formula. Correct any typos. Excel's Formula Auditing tools or formula suggestions can help.
(B) Enclose Text in Quotes: If the formula intentionally uses text strings (like "Pass", "Fail", "Yes", "No"), ensure that the text is enclosed within double quotation marks (`"`). Numbers do not need quotes, but text does unless it's a defined name or function.
*(Other possible solutions include: Defining the named range if it's missing, ensuring necessary add-ins are enabled, checking for incorrect range operators like using space instead of comma/colon).*