Question

Explain the different methods of fertilizer application.

Hint:

Tip: Proper timing and correct method of application are key to maximizing fertilizer benefits.

Answer 1

Fertilizers can be applied to crops using various methods to supply nutrients efficiently and improve crop yield.
These methods are broadly classified into broadcasting, placement, and foliar application.
1. Broadcasting: In this method, fertilizers are uniformly spread over the entire field, either before sowing (basal application) or as a top dressing during crop growth.
It is simple and suitable for crops grown densely like rice or wheat. However, it may lead to uneven nutrient distribution and higher losses.
2. Placement: Here, fertilizers are placed close to the plant roots in bands, rows, or pockets.
Common placement methods include side dressing, band placement, and drilling.
Placement reduces nutrient losses, increases use efficiency, and ensures better availability to plants.
3. Foliar application: In this method, fertilizers (usually micronutrients) are dissolved in water and sprayed directly on the crop foliage.
It provides quick correction of deficiencies during critical growth stages.
4. Fertigation: This modern method involves applying fertilizers through irrigation water, especially in drip or sprinkler systems.
Fertigation ensures uniform application, saves labor, and improves nutrient use efficiency.
Choosing the right method depends on the crop type, soil conditions, nutrient requirements, and available equipment.