Question

Match the Chemical Substances with Their Applications

Column A

a. Acetic acid

b. Ethanol

c. Caustic soda

d. Detergents

Column B

i. In the formation of soap

ii. In making denatured spirit

iii. In the formation of vinegar

iv. In cleaning clothes

• A. a - iii, b - iv, c - i, d - ii
• B. a - iii, b - i, c - ii, d - iv
• C. a - ii, b - iii, c - i, d - iv
• D. a - iii, b - ii, c - i, d - iv

Hint:

Remember: - Acetic acid → vinegar, - Ethanol → denatured spirit, - Caustic soda → soap making, - Detergents → cleaning clothes.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Acetic acid is the main component responsible for the sour taste of vinegar and is therefore used in the formation of
vinegar (iii). It is a weak organic acid with the formula \( \mathrm{CH_3COOH} \).

Ethanol is commonly used as a solvent and disinfectant. It is used in
denatured spirit (ii), which is ethanol mixed with additives to make it unfit for consumption. Although ethanol can help in cleaning clothes, its primary industrial use in this context is as denatured spirit rather than detergents.

Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide, \( \mathrm{NaOH} \)) is a strong alkali used extensively in the
formation of soap (i) through the process of saponification, where fats or oils react with caustic soda to produce soap and glycerol.

Detergents are synthetic cleansing agents used primarily for
cleaning clothes (iv). They are effective in removing dirt and grease, especially in hard water, where soaps are less effective.
The best matching between the substances and their common uses based on the options given is: \[ \text{(A)} \quad \text{Acetic acid} \rightarrow \text{Vinegar (iii)}, \quad \text{Ethanol} \rightarrow \text{Denatured spirit (ii)}, \quad \text{Caustic soda} \rightarrow \text{Soap (i)}, \quad \text{Detergents} \rightarrow \text{Cleaning clothes (iv)}. \] Thus, option (A) fits best with the given descriptions.