In the extraction of genetic material (DNA), which enzyme is not used?
- Ribonuclease
- Cellulose
- Protease
- Both Protease and Ribonuclease
The Correct Option is B
Approach Solution - 1
During the extraction of DNA, the goal is to isolate DNA from other cellular components, such as proteins, RNA, and cell wall material. Enzymes are used to selectively degrade these other components, leaving the DNA intact. Let's examine the role of each enzyme mentioned:
Ribonuclease (RNase):
Ribonuclease is used to degrade RNA. Since the goal is to isolate DNA and not RNA, RNase is often added to the extraction buffer to remove any RNA present in the sample.
Cellulase:
Cellulase is an enzyme that breaks down cellulose, a major component of plant cell walls. If the DNA is being extracted from plant cells, cellulase might be used to help break down the cell walls and release the cellular contents, including DNA. However, cellulase is **not** a universal enzyme used in all DNA extractions, as it is only relevant for plant cells.
Protease:
Proteases are enzymes that degrade proteins. Proteins can bind to DNA and interfere with downstream applications. Therefore, proteases (like Proteinase K) are commonly used during DNA extraction to remove proteins and ensure the DNA is purified.
Analysis:
* Ribonuclease is used to remove RNA. * Protease is used to remove proteins. * Cellulase is specifically used to break down plant cell walls. Therefore, it's not a universal enzyme used in all DNA extraction protocols.
The question asks which enzyme is **not** used in the extraction of genetic material (DNA). While cellulase *can* be used in specific cases (plant cells), it's not a universal component of DNA extraction protocols like RNase and protease are.
Conclusion:
The enzyme that is not always used is Cellulase.
Approach Solution -2
Ribonuclease is used during DNA extraction to remove the contamination of RNA. Ribonuclease helps in the cleavage of RNA into smaller fragments thus confirming the purity of DNA. Protease on the other hand is used to remove protein contamination during DNA extraction. Protease cleaves the peptide bond in proteins. Cellulose is not directly involved during DNA extraction.
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Concepts Used:
Applications of Biotechnology
Biotechnology is the technology that utilizes biological systems, living organisms, or parts of this to develop or create different products.
For example, brewing and baking bread fall within the concept of biotechnology (use of yeast (= living organism) to produce the desired product).
Agriculture
Alternative to conventional farming: A possible solution is the use of genetically modified crops which is an alternative path to conventional farming.
Medicine
In the area of healthcare, recombinant DNA technological processes have made an immense impact which enables the mass production of safe and more effective therapeutic drugs.
Gene Therapy
A collection of methods that allows the correction of a gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child/embryo is called Gene Therapy.
CRISPR technology
For editing genomes, CRISPR is a simple yet powerful tool which allows researchers to easily alter DNA sequences and modify gene function.