



A diode is reverse biased when the potential at the cathode (n-side) is higher than the potential at the anode (p-side).
(1) The potential at the anode is -12V, and the potential at the cathode is -5V. Since -12V<-5V, the diode is forward biased.
(2) The potential at the anode is 0V, and the potential at the cathode is -10V. Since 0V>-10V, the diode is forward biased.
(3) The potential at the anode is 0V, and the potential at the cathode is +5V. Since 0V<+5V, the diode is reverse biased.
(4) The potential at the anode is +5V, and the potential at the cathode is +10V. Since +5V<+10V, the diode is forward biased. Therefore, the diode in option (3) is reverse biased.
Assuming in forward bias condition there is a voltage drop of \(0.7\) V across a silicon diode, the current through diode \(D_1\) in the circuit shown is ________ mA. (Assume all diodes in the given circuit are identical) 


For the given logic gate circuit, which of the following is the correct truth table ? 
Which of the following are ambident nucleophiles?
[A.] CN$^{\,-}$
[B.] CH$_{3}$COO$^{\,-}$
[C.] NO$_{2}^{\,-}$
[D.] CH$_{3}$O$^{\,-}$
[E.] NH$_{3}$
Identify the anomers from the following.

The standard Gibbs free energy change \( \Delta G^\circ \) of a cell reaction is \(-301 { kJ/mol}\). What is \( E^\circ \) in volts?
(Given: \( F = 96500 { C/mol}\), \( n = 2 \))