Question

A p-n junction is forward biased. Describe the movement of the charge carriers which produce current in it.

Hint:

In forward bias, electrons move from n-type to p-type material, and holes move from p-type to n-type material, producing current in the external circuit.

Answer 1

In a forward-biased p-n junction, the p-side (anode) is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the n-side (cathode) is connected to the negative terminal. - Electrons: In the n-type region, electrons are the majority charge carriers. Under forward bias, these electrons move towards the p-side. As they cross the junction, they recombine with holes in the p-type region. - Holes: In the p-type region, holes are the majority charge carriers. Under forward bias, the holes move towards the n-side. As they cross the junction, they recombine with electrons in the n-type region. This movement of charge carriers (electrons from n to p and holes from p to n) creates a current in the external circuit.