In amplitude modulation (AM), the modulation index (\(\mu\)) describes the extent of amplitude variation relative to the unmodulated carrier.
It is defined in terms of the maximum amplitude (\(A_{max}\)) and minimum amplitude (\(A_{min}\)) of the modulated wave as follows: \[ \mu = \frac{A_{max} - A_{min}}{A_{max} + A_{min}} \] Given values from the problem statement are:
- Maximum amplitude, \(A_{max} = 16 \, V\)
- Minimum amplitude, \(A_{min} = 4 \, V\)
Substituting these values into the modulation index formula: \[ \mu = \frac{16 \, V - 4 \, V}{16 \, V + 4 \, V} = \frac{12 \, V}{20 \, V} = \frac{12}{20} = \frac{3}{5} = 0.6 \] The modulation index is 0.6. Comparing this with the given options, option (3) matches our calculated value.
Correct Answer: (3) 0.6
Three logic gates are connected as shown in the figure. If the inputs are \(A = 1\), \(B = 0\) and \(C = 0\) then the values of \(y_1\), \(y_2\) and \(y_3\) respectively are:
What are X and Y respectively in the following set of reactions?
What are X and Y respectively in the following reactions?
Observe the following reactions:
The correct answer is: