Explain the structure of nucleic acid and its biological action.
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Solution and Explanation
Nucleic acids are biopolymers made of nucleotide monomers. Each nucleotide consists of:
1. A nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine/uracil, guanine, cytosine).
2. A pentose sugar (ribose in RNA, deoxyribose in DNA).
3. A phosphate group. - DNA stores genetic information, and RNA helps in protein synthesis.
- DNA is double-stranded with complementary base pairing (\( A-T \), \( G-C \)), while RNA is single-stranded.
Biological Action:
- DNA replication ensures the transfer of genetic information.
- RNA facilitates transcription and translation processes for protein synthesis.
Top Questions on Biomolecules
The particles in the nucleus of the cell, responsible for heredity, are called chromosomes which are made up of proteins and another type of biomolecules called nucleic acids. These are mainly of two types, DNA and RNA. Nucleic acids on hydrolysis yield a pentose sugar, phosphoric acid and nitrogen containing heterocyclic compound. Nucleic acids have a very diverse set of functions, such as cell creation, the storage and processing of genetic information, protein synthesis and the generation of energy cells. Although their functions may differ, the structure of DNA and RNA are very similar, with only a few fundamental differences in their molecular make-up. Based on the above information, answer the following questions: (a) Write two functions of DNA.
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