Question

Explain the approach suggested by Amartya Sen to increase human development and examine the four major aspects of human development.

Hint:

When studying human development, focus on the multidimensional aspects like education, health, and political freedom, rather than just economic growth.

Answer 1

Amartya Sen's approach to human development focuses on expanding people's capabilities and choices. Rather than merely focusing on income or economic growth, Sen emphasizes the importance of providing individuals with the freedom to lead a life they value. His approach advocates for a more holistic view of development. The four major aspects of human development as suggested by Sen are:
- Income and Resources: Sen stresses that economic resources are essential but not sufficient for human development. Income is important for providing access to basic needs such as education, healthcare, and housing. However, it is the use of these resources that ultimately determines well-being.
- Education: Sen believes that education is a critical factor in human development. It not only provides people with the knowledge and skills to improve their economic opportunities but also enhances their capabilities, empowering them to make informed choices.
- Health and Longevity: The availability of healthcare and the promotion of longevity are key elements of human development. Sen emphasizes that the ability to live a long and healthy life is central to individual freedom and quality of life.
- Political Freedom and Participation: Political freedoms, such as the right to participate in decision-making processes and access to democratic institutions, are also vital components of human development. Sen argues that true human development cannot be achieved without freedom of speech, political participation, and protection of human rights.
Amartya Sen's approach goes beyond traditional economic indicators and incorporates social, political, and personal dimensions of human well-being.