Question

Examine the various strategies used to enhance agricultural output from the sixth BCE onwards.

Hint:

Ancient India’s agricultural strategies laid the foundation for high levels of productivity, which supported the growth of large cities and a prosperous economy.

Answer 1

Agricultural output in ancient India was enhanced through a combination of technological advancements, irrigation systems, and agricultural policies. Some key strategies included:
1. Irrigation Systems: The development of canals, wells, and other irrigation techniques allowed farmers to grow crops in areas with less rainfall or during dry seasons. For example, the Mauryas and later the Guptas invested in irrigation projects to improve agricultural productivity.
2. Crop Diversification: The use of multiple types of crops, such as grains, pulses, and vegetables, increased agricultural resilience and output. This allowed farmers to adjust to varying climatic conditions.
3. Use of Improved Tools: The introduction of better ploughs, such as the iron plough, helped in cultivating tougher soils and increasing the efficiency of farming.
4. State Support: Rulers like Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka provided support to agriculture through policies that reduced taxes during lean seasons and helped distribute water efficiently to farmers.
Thus, various strategies, including irrigation, crop diversification, and improved tools, helped enhance agricultural output in ancient India.