Question

Examine the Nuclear policy of India.

Hint:

The two most important phrases to remember when describing India's nuclear policy are "Credible Minimum Deterrence" and "No First Use". These define the core of India's stance as a responsible nuclear power.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
India's nuclear policy is a critical component of its national security strategy. It has evolved significantly since independence and is defined by a commitment to disarmament alongside the maintenance of a credible deterrent.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
India's nuclear policy can be examined through its key principles:
1. Opposition to Discriminatory Treaties: Initially, India championed global nuclear disarmament. It strongly opposed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968, viewing it as discriminatory because it legitimized the possession of nuclear weapons by five countries (the "haves") while prohibiting others (the "have-nots") from acquiring them.
2. Development of Nuclear Capability: Driven by security concerns, particularly from a nuclear-armed China, India conducted its first nuclear test in 1974 (termed a "peaceful nuclear explosion"). After conducting further tests in 1998 (Pokhran-II), India formally declared itself a state with nuclear weapons.
3. Doctrine of 'Credible Minimum Deterrence': After the 1998 tests, India adopted a formal nuclear doctrine. Its central tenet is to maintain a "credible minimum deterrence." This means possessing a sufficient number of nuclear weapons to deter an adversary from launching a nuclear attack, but not engaging in an arms race. The weapons are seen as a political tool for deterrence, not for fighting a war.
4. 'No First Use' (NFU) Policy: A cornerstone of India's nuclear doctrine is the pledge of "No First Use." This means India will not be the first to initiate a nuclear strike in a conflict. It has committed to using nuclear weapons only in retaliation to a nuclear attack on its territory or its forces. This defensive posture underscores its commitment to responsible nuclear stewardship.
Step 3: Final Answer:
India's nuclear policy is based on the principles of maintaining a 'credible minimum deterrence' for security and a declared posture of 'No First Use'. While possessing nuclear weapons for defensive purposes, India continues to advocate for universal, non-discriminatory nuclear disarmament.