Earth's magnetic field always has a horizontal component except at
- equator
- magnetic poles
- a latitude of $60^{\circ}$
- an altitude of $60^{\circ}$
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
The question pertains to the Earth's magnetic field and when it lacks a horizontal component. Understanding this requires a basic comprehension of the Earth's magnetic field structure.
The Earth's magnetic field can be represented by field lines emanating from the magnetic south pole and entering the magnetic north pole. The magnetic field at any given point on Earth can be decomposed into two components:
- Horizontal component
- Vertical component
At most locations on Earth, both components exist. However, at specific locations, one of these components dominates or completely exists without the other.
Let's examine each option:
- Equator: At the magnetic equator, the magnetic field lines are parallel to the surface, meaning there is no vertical component of the magnetic field, only a horizontal component is present.
- Magnetic poles: At the magnetic poles, the magnetic field lines are vertical. Here, the horizontal component becomes zero, and only the vertical component is present.
- A latitude of $60^{\circ}$ and an altitude of $60^{\circ}$: These do not affect the exclusion of the horizontal component. These locations will have both components unless influenced by being a magnetic pole.
Therefore, the correct answer is magnetic poles, as that is the location where the Earth's magnetic field does not have a horizontal component.
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Concepts Used:
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Magnets are used in many devices like electric bells, telephones, radio, loudspeakers, motors, fans, screwdrivers, lifting heavy iron loads, super-fast trains, especially in foreign countries, refrigerators, etc.
Magnetite is the world’s first magnet. This is also called a natural magnet. Though magnets occur naturally, we can also impart magnetic properties to a substance. It would be an artificial magnet in that case.
Read More: Magnetism and Matter
Some of the properties of the magnetic field lines are:
- The lines and continuous and outside the magnet, the field lines originate from the North pole and terminate at the South pole
- They form closed loops traversing inside the magnet.
- But here the lines seem to originate from the South pole and terminate at the North pole to form closed loops.
- More number of close lines indicate a stronger magnetic field
- The lines do not intersect each other
- The tangent drawn at the field line gives the direction of the field at that point.