Question

Discuss the factors for uneven distribution of population in the world.

Hint:

For a comprehensive answer, structure your points under clear headings like Geographical, Economic, and Social/Cultural factors. Use specific examples (like the Nile Valley for water availability or Siberia for extreme climate) to support your points.

Answer 1

The distribution of population across the world is highly uneven. Some areas are densely populated while others are sparsely populated. The key factors influencing this distribution can be grouped into three categories:
1. Geographical/Physical Factors:
- Relief/Topography: Flat plains and gentle slopes are preferred for agriculture and infrastructure, leading to high population densities (e.g., Indo-Gangetic Plains). Mountainous and rugged terrains are sparsely populated.
- Climate: Areas with moderate, temperate climates attract more people, while extreme climates (hot deserts, cold polar regions) discourage settlement.
- Availability of Water: Population is concentrated in river valleys and coastal areas where fresh water is readily available for drinking, agriculture, and industry.
- Soil Fertility: Fertile soils, such as alluvial and loess soils, support intensive agriculture and thus high population densities.
2. Economic Factors:
- Mineral Resources: Areas rich in minerals attract industries and mining activities, which in turn attract people seeking employment (e.g., Chota Nagpur Plateau in India).
- Industrialization: Industrial belts provide numerous job opportunities, leading to the growth of densely populated urban centers.
- Urbanization: Cities offer better employment, education, and health facilities, acting as magnets for population concentration.
3. Social and Cultural Factors:
- Religious and Cultural Significance: Places of religious or cultural importance often attract large populations.
- Political Stability: People tend to move away from areas of political unrest, conflict, and instability, preferring to live in peaceful and stable regions.
- Government Policies: Governments can influence population distribution through policies that encourage settlement in certain areas or restrict it in others.