Question

Describe the procedure involved in Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technique. Why is this technique used in forensic sciences?

Hint:

RFLP differentiates individuals by unique DNA fragment patterns and is a powerful tool for forensic identification.

Answer 1

Procedure of RFLP Technique:

1. DNA Extraction: Extract genomic DNA from the sample.
2. Digestion with Restriction Enzymes: Cut the DNA with specific restriction enzymes that recognize particular sequences, producing fragments of varying lengths.
3. Gel Electrophoresis: Separate these fragments on an agarose gel based on size.
4. Transfer to Membrane: Transfer the separated DNA fragments to a nylon membrane by Southern blotting.
5. Hybridization with Probe: Hybridize the membrane with a labeled DNA probe that binds to a specific DNA sequence.
6. Detection: Visualize the pattern of DNA fragments by autoradiography or fluorescence.

Different individuals have unique patterns of restriction fragments due to variations in their DNA sequences, making RFLP useful for DNA fingerprinting. Use in Forensic Sciences: RFLP is used in forensic investigations to identify individuals based on their unique DNA patterns. It helps in crime scene analysis by matching DNA samples from suspects with evidence, establishing identity or paternity, and solving cases where other evidence is unavailable.