Depict the galvanic cell in which the reaction Zn(s) + 2Ag+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) takes place. Further show:
(i) Which of the electrode is negatively charged?
(ii) The carriers of the current in the cell.
(iii) Individual reaction at each electrode.
(i) Which of the electrode is negatively charged?
(ii) The carriers of the current in the cell.
(iii) Individual reaction at each electrode.
Solution and Explanation
The galvanic cell in which the given reaction takes place is depicted as:
\(Zn_{(s)}|Zn^{2+}_{(aq)}||Ag^+_{(aq)}|Ag_{(s)}\)
(i) Zn electrode (anode) is negatively charged.
(ii) Ions are carriers of current in the cell and in the external circuit, current will flow from silver to zinc.
(iii) The reaction taking place at the anode is given by,
\(Zn_{(s)}\rightarrow Zn^{2+}_{(aq)}+2e^-\)
The reaction taking place at the cathode is given by,
\(Ag^+_{(aq)}+e^- \rightarrow Ag_{(s)}\)
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Concepts Used:
Galvanic Cells
Galvanic cells, also known as voltaic cells, are electrochemical cells in which spontaneous oxidation-reduction reactions produce electrical energy. It converts chemical energy to electrical energy.
It consists of two half cells and in each half cell, a suitable electrode is immersed. The two half cells are connected through a salt bridge. The need for the salt bridge is to keep the oxidation and reduction processes running simultaneously. Without it, the electrons liberated at the anode would get attracted to the cathode thereby stopping the reaction on the whole.
Working Principle Of Galvanic Cell:
- Take two beakers containing electrolytic solutions of copper sulphate and zinc sulphate are taken. It is connected via a salt bridge containing an aqueous solution of potassium chloride.
- Zinc and copper electrodes are immersed in the respective electrodes and connected through a voltmeter to measure the electrical potential.
- Zinc which acts as the anode readily undergoes an oxidation process and acquires a negative charge.
- The electrons travel through the salt bridge and undergo a reduction process at the copper cathode.
- Thus the cathode would acquire a positive charge.
- This flow of electrons from the anode to the cathode induces a flow of electric current in the opposite direction which shall be measured by the voltmeter.
Types of Voltaic Cell:
- Primary Cell
- Dry Cell
- Mercury Cell
- Alkaline Cell
- Secondary Cell
- Nickel-Cadmium Cell
- Lead-Acid Cell
- Lithium-Ion Cell