Question

Define planning and mention its features.

Hint:

Planning = Future-oriented process that sets goals and guides all managerial activities.

Answer 1

Step 1: Definition of planning.
Planning is the process of deciding in advance what is to be done, when it is to be done, how it is to be done, and who is to do it.
According to Koontz and O’Donnell, “Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who is to do it.”
Step 2: Features of planning.
1. Goal-oriented: Planning always starts with objectives. All actions are directed towards achieving these goals.
2. Primary function of management: Planning is the first step of management because other functions like organizing, staffing, and controlling depend on it.
3. Futuristic in nature: Planning always looks ahead and prepares for the future by forecasting opportunities and threats.
4. Continuous process: Planning never ends. Once one plan is completed, new plans are required for new situations.
5. Decision-making activity: Planning involves selecting the best alternative from various available options.
6. Pervasive function: Planning is required at all levels of management—top, middle, and lower.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, planning is a systematic process that sets direction for the future and integrates all managerial efforts towards achieving objectives.