To solve the question regarding Jainism, we need to evaluate the given statements:
The cycle of birth and rebirth is shaped through Karma.
This statement is accurate as Jainism believes in Karma, which affects the cycle of birth and rebirth.
There is a need to renounce the world.
Jainism emphasizes renunciation for spiritual liberation.
Worldly existence is a necessary condition for attaining salvation.
This statement is incorrect. Jainism teaches that renunciation is essential for salvation, not worldly existence.
Principle of Ahimsa is important.
The principle of non-violence (Ahimsa) is fundamental in Jainism.
Based on this analysis, the correct statements are I, II, and IV. Therefore, the correct option is:
The Anguish of the King
When the king Devanampiya Piyadassi had been ruling for eight years, the (country of the) Kalingas (present-day coastal Orissa) was conquered by (him). One hundred and fifty thousand men were deported, a hundred thousand were killed, and many more died.
After that, now that (the country of) the Kalingas has been taken, Devanampiya (is devoted) to an intense study of Dhamma, to the love of Dhamma, and to instructing (the people) in Dhamma.
This is the repentance of Devanampiya on account of his conquest of the (country of the) Kalingas.
For this is considered very painful and deplorable by Devanampiya that, while one is conquering an unconquered (country) slaughter, death and deportation of people (take place) there...