Effective communication in rural areas can be hindered by several barriers, including:
- Lack of access to technology (A): Limited internet connectivity, unreliable mobile networks, and lack of devices like smartphones or computers restrict access to digital communication channels, crucial for extension services.
- Use of complex scientific jargon (B): Technical or overly scientific language can alienate rural audiences, particularly those with limited formal education, reducing comprehension and engagement.
In contrast, active participation of farmers (C) is not a barrier but a facilitator, as it enhances engagement and feedback in communication processes. Similarly, focus on visuals (D) is beneficial, as visual aids (e.g., diagrams, videos) improve understanding, especially for low-literacy audiences, and are not a barrier. Thus, option (1) is correct, as only (A) and (B) are barriers.