Question

Al-Biruni’s major work ‘Kitab-ul-Hind’ is significant for its comprehensive study of India. Which of the following was the primary aim of this work?

• A. Promote Islamic teaching
• B. Map geographical locations
• C. Critique culture and traditions
• D. Document Indian culture

Hint:

When a question mentions "Kitab-ul-Hind" by Al-Biruni, always associate it with cultural documentation, not religious propagation or criticism.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Al-Biruni, a Persian scholar and polymath, visited India during the 11th century. His major work, Kitab-ul-Hind (Book of India), provides a detailed account of the Indian subcontinent’s religion, philosophy, science, literature, customs, and social norms.
The primary objective of this work was not to promote Islam or critique India, but rather to understand and document Indian culture with objectivity. Al-Biruni adopted a scientific and comparative approach, analyzing Sanskrit texts, and translating key ideas for a Persian and Arabic-speaking audience.
His descriptions are considered one of the earliest examples of cross-cultural ethnography and remain a valuable source for reconstructing early medieval Indian history.
Hence, the correct answer is Option (D): Document Indian culture.