Question

(a) Explain the following functions of marketing:
(i) Standardisation and Grading
(ii) Transportation
OR
(b) Explain any two components included in physical handling and movement of goods from place of production to the place of distribution.

Hint:

Marketing delivers quality and availability — both need movement and grading!

Answer 1

(i) Standardisation and Grading: Standardisation means setting uniform specifications for products (such as size, quality, packaging). Grading involves categorizing products based on certain features or quality levels (like Grade A, B, etc.). These functions help in building consumer trust and ease of comparison. (ii) Transportation: This function ensures that goods are moved efficiently from the place of production to the place of consumption. It reduces geographical barriers and ensures timely delivery of goods to various markets.
Final Answer: (a) Standardisation/Grading = quality control; Transportation = logistical movement.