Question:

A class has $175$ students. The following data shows the number of students obtaining one or more subjects. Mathematics $100$, Physics $70$, Chemistry $40$; Mathematics and Physics $30$, Mathematics and Chemistry $28$, Physics and Chemistry $23$; Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry $18$. How many students have offered Mathematics alone?

Updated On: Mar 18, 2024
  • 35
  • 48
  • 60
  • 22
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

$n (M$ alone)
$=n(M)-n(M \cap C)-n(M \cap P)+n(M \cap C \cap P)$
$=100-28-30+18=60$
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Concepts Used:

Sets

Set is the collection of well defined objects. Sets are represented by capital letters, eg. A={}. Sets are composed of elements which could be numbers, letters, shapes, etc.

Example of set: Set of vowels A={a,e,i,o,u}

Representation of Sets

There are three basic notation or representation of sets are as follows:

Statement Form: The statement representation describes a statement to show what are the elements of a set.

  • For example, Set A is the list of the first five odd numbers.

Roster Form: The form in which elements are listed in set. Elements in the set is seperatrd by comma and enclosed within the curly braces.

  • For example represent the set of vowels in roster form.

A={a,e,i,o,u}

Set Builder Form: 

  1. The set builder representation has a certain rule or a statement that specifically describes the common feature of all the elements of a set.
  2. The set builder form uses a vertical bar in its representation, with a text describing the character of the elements of the set.
  3. For example, A = { k | k is an even number, k ≤ 20}. The statement says, all the elements of set A are even numbers that are less than or equal to 20.
  4. Sometimes a ":" is used in the place of the "|".