List of top Instrumentation Engineering Questions

A standard three-lead frontal plane ECG is taken from a person with a normal heart. The peak amplitude of R wave is

IR spectroscopy

Korotkoff sounds are used

A psychrometric chart is used to determine

Gas chromatography is used for

In the standard 12-lead ECG recording system, the minimum number of electrodes required to be attached to the human subject for recording any one of the unipolar chest lead signals is

The Geiger counter has high quantum efficiency in the wavelength range of

The breakaway point of the root locus on the real axis for a closed loop system with a loop gain \( G(s) = \frac{K(s+10)}{(s+2)(s+5)} \) is:

The phase margin of the system for which the loop gain \( GH(j\omega) = \frac{A_1}{(j\omega + 1)^3} \) is:

An optical fiber is characterized by

A step index optical fiber whose refractive indices of the core and cladding are 1.44 and 1.40 respectively, is surrounded by air. Its numerical aperture is

An optical fiber has a refractive index of 1.641 for the core and 1.422 for the cladding.
The critical angle above which a ray will be totally internally reflected is

The coherence length of the He-Ne laser beam is 120 cm. Its coherence time in seconds is:

Collimated light beams from a He-Ne laser and a sodium vapor lamp are focused using a lens.
The size of the spot at the focal point due to the laser is relatively smaller because

The transfer function between \( y_2 \) and \( y_1 \) in the figure shown is:

A temperature control system is usually very sluggish. To improve its dynamics:

A first order system with a proportional controller exhibits an offset to step input. The offset can be reduced by:

An integral controller is used to:

The system \( G(s) = \frac{0.8}{s^2 + s - 2} \) is subjected to a step input. The system output \( y(t) \) as \( t \rightarrow \infty \) is:

If the transfer function of a system is \( G(s) = \frac{A}{s^2 + \omega^2} \), then the steady state gain of the system to a unit step input is:

Consider a unity feedback control system whose forward path transfer function is \( G(s) = \frac{K}{s^2} \). The steady state error for a step input is:

The instrument that does not have any restoring torque is

Match the parameter (List-1) with the type of bridge (List-2) used for measurement:

If the open loop transfer function of the negative feedback control system is \[ G(s)H(s) = \frac{k}{(s+1)^3}, \] then the gain $k$ for a closed loop pole at \[ \left( \frac{1}{2} + j\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \right) \] is:

A transfer function has two zeros at infinity. Then the relation between the numerator degree (N) and the denominator degree (M) of the transfer function is: