In the standard 12-lead ECG recording system, the minimum number of electrodes required to be attached to the human subject for recording any one of the unipolar chest lead signals is
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Unipolar chest leads use 1 chest + 3 limb electrodes (Wilson Central Terminal).
To record any unipolar chest lead (like V1 to V6), one electrode is placed on the chest and three limb electrodes are required to form the Wilson Central Terminal (WCT), serving as the reference. So, 4 electrodes are needed in total.