List of top Instrumentation Engineering Questions

An optical fiber has a refractive index of 1.641 for the core and 1.422 for the cladding.
The critical angle above which a ray will be totally internally reflected is

The coherence length of the He-Ne laser beam is 120 cm. Its coherence time in seconds is:

Collimated light beams from a He-Ne laser and a sodium vapor lamp are focused using a lens.
The size of the spot at the focal point due to the laser is relatively smaller because

The transfer function between \( y_2 \) and \( y_1 \) in the figure shown is:

A temperature control system is usually very sluggish. To improve its dynamics:

A first order system with a proportional controller exhibits an offset to step input. The offset can be reduced by:

An integral controller is used to:

The system \( G(s) = \frac{0.8}{s^2 + s - 2} \) is subjected to a step input. The system output \( y(t) \) as \( t \rightarrow \infty \) is:

If the transfer function of a system is \( G(s) = \frac{A}{s^2 + \omega^2} \), then the steady state gain of the system to a unit step input is:

Consider a unity feedback control system whose forward path transfer function is \( G(s) = \frac{K}{s^2} \). The steady state error for a step input is:

The instrument that does not have any restoring torque is

Wien bridge is best suited for the measurement of

If the open loop transfer function of the negative feedback control system is \[ G(s)H(s) = \frac{k}{(s+1)^3}, \] then the gain $k$ for a closed loop pole at \[ \left( \frac{1}{2} + j\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \right) \] is:

A transfer function has two zeros at infinity. Then the relation between the numerator degree (N) and the denominator degree (M) of the transfer function is:

The transfer function of the system is the Laplace transform of its

Match the parameter (List-1) with the type of bridge (List-2) used for measurement:

An ammeter with input resistance of 50 $\Omega$ gives full scale deflection for 50 $\mu$A current.
The input resistance of a 0–1 mA ammeter obtained by connecting a shunt across the 0–50 $\mu$A meter will be:

Find the inverse Fourier transform of \( F(f) = \frac{3\pi f}{1 + j\pi f} \)

A signal \( x(t) = 5 \cos(150\pi t - 60^\circ) \) is sampled at 200 Hz. The fundamental period of the sampled sequence \( x(n) \) is:

A bandlimited signal with highest frequency content of 1000 Hz is undergoing uniform sampling. The minimum sampling frequency required to recover the original signal is:

Match the modulation (List-1) with the type of demodulator (List-2):

A phase locked loop can be employed for demodulation of

In an FM Broadcast, the maximum frequency deviation allowed is 75 kHz and the maximum modulation frequency is 15 kHz. The bandwidth is closest to

The type of A/D converter normally used in a 3 ½ digit multimeter is

Which of the following sequence \( f(n) \) has z-transform \( X(z) = e^{1/z} \)?