List of top English Questions

The questions are to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Choose the most appropriate response that accurately and completely answer the question.
Who are your first cousins ?
Family members who are considered first cousins share grandparents with you. If your mom or dad have siblings, and those siblings have children, the kids are your first cousins! To your mom and dad, they’re nephews and nieces, but to you, they’re first cousins. Often these are the relatives people mean when they say, “she’s my cousin.” If they’re not adopted, you share about 1/8 of your DNA with your first cousins!
So what are second cousins ?
Second cousins have the same great-grandparents as you. Think of it this way : your mom’s first cousin’s child is your second cousin. Or, your grandpa’s brother’s grandchild (your dad’s aunt’s grandchild) is your second cousin. You’re in the same generation, they’re just not as closely related.
What about a second cousin once removed ?
A cousin once removed means they’re from the generation immediately above or below you. So your first cousin once removed would be your first cousin’s child or your parent’s first cousin. Your second cousin once removed is your second cousin’s child or your parent’s second cousin.
So a cousin twice removed is…?
“Twice removed” means that there’s a two generation gap : this cousin is from either your grandparents’ generation, or your grandchild’s generation. So your first cousin twice removed would be your grandparent’s first cousin or your first cousin’s grandchild. Your second cousin twice removed is your second cousin’s grandchild or your grandparents’ second cousin.
And what about third cousins ?
Third cousins share the same great-great-grandparents! Your third cousin is your mom’s great aunt’s great-grandkid. OK, that’s a little confusing. How about this: your great-great-uncle’s great-grandchild is your third cousin. You might need another look at the chart. Or you can just call them “cousin.”
There’s a knack to remember which cousin is which. First, second, and third cousins (and so on unto infinity cousins) are an equal number of generations removed from the common ancestor. First cousins are both the second generation removed from their shared grandparents. Second cousins are the third generation removed from shared great-grandparents. So : cousin plus one is the number of generations back.
So “grand” doesn’t mean cousins ?
The word “grand” means that there’s a two-generation gap between the people : your brother’s grandchild is your grand-niece, and your mom’s father is your grandfather. There is an exception : Your parents’ sibling is your aunt or uncle, but your parents’ aunt or uncle is usually referred to as a great-aunt or -uncle, despite the two-generation gap rule. Grand-aunt just sounds a bit weird.
But “great” usually goes with “grand” ?
The use of “great” is usually paired with grand, and it means that there is a threegeneration gap between you and your relative. Your niece’s grandchild is your great-grandniece or -nephew, and your grandkid’s kid is your great-grandchild! Of course, there’s another exception for aunts and uncles : Your mom’s uncle is your great-uncle, but your mom’s great-uncle is your great-great-uncle.

The questions are to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Choose the most appropriate response that accurately and completely answer the question.
Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a zone in the Pacific Ocean between Hawaii and California that has a high concentration of plastic waste. The extent of the patch has been compared to the U.S. State of Texas or Alaska or even to the country of Afghanistan.
Garbage that reaches the ocean from the west coast of the United States and from the east coast of Japan is carried by currents – including the California Current, the North Equatorial Current, the North Pacific Current, and the Kuroshio – into the North Pacific subtropical gyre, the clockwise rotation of which draws in and traps solid matter such as plastics. Some 80 percent of the plastics in the garbage patch come from the land. It takes years for debris to travel from the coasts to the gyre, and as it is carried along, photodegradation causes the plastics to break down into tiny, nearly invisible bits. While there are some larger objects that come from ships and offshore oil rigs, the garbage patch could more accurately be described as a soup of microplastics. The dimensions and depth of the patch are continuously changing.
Scientists had been aware of the growing problem of plastic debris in the world’s oceans since the late 1980s. However, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch came to public attention only after 1997, when yachtsman Charles Moore, returning home after participating in the biennial Transpacific Race, chose a route that took him through the North Pacific subtropical gyre. He found himself traversing a sea of plastics. When he returned to the area the following year, he discovered that the patch had grown in both extent and density. Moore began making speeches and writing articles – notably a 2003 essay in Natural History magazine – and he changed the mission of the Algalita Research Foundation, which he had founded in 1994 to improve water quality along California’s coast. The organization now focuses on studying and publicizing the problem of plastics in oceans, in particular in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. A 2006 series of articles in the Los Angeles Times about the garbage patch won a Pulitzer Prize and raised general awareness of the problem.
In 2015 and 2016, the Dutch-based organization Ocean Cleanup found that the density of the debris in the garbage patch was much greater than expected and that the plastics absorbed pollutants, making them poisonous to marine life. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is the best known of several such zones, others of which exist in the Atlantic and Indian oceans.

Wesley Hohfeld, a Harvard law professor in the early part of the 20^th Century, developed an analytical framework for understanding interests in property. Hohfeld’s eight terms are arranged in two tables of ‘correlatives’ and ‘opposites’ that structure the internal relationships among the different fundamental legal rights.
Jural Opposites :

Right	Privilege	Power	Immunity
No-right	Duty	Disability	Liability

A privilege is the opposite of a duty ; a no-right is the opposite of a right. A disability is the opposite of a power ; an immunity is the opposite of a liability.
Jural Correlatives :

Right	Privilege	Power	Immunity
Duty	No-right	Liability	Disability

‘‘Correlatives’’ signifies that these interests exist on opposing sides of a pair of persons involved in a legal relationship. If someone has a right, it exists with respect to someone else who has a duty. If someone has a privilege, it exists with respect to someone else who has no-right. If someone has a power, it exists with respect to someone else who has a liability. If someone has an immunity, it exists with respect to someone else who has a disability.
A right can be enforced by a lawsuit against the person who has the correlative duty. A privilege negates that right and duty, and typically would be asserted as an affirmative defense in the lawsuit. A power is the capacity to create or change a legal relationship. For example, when someone makes an offer of a contract, that gives the offeree the power to create a contract by accepting the offer (or not). If the power to create the contract is exercised, then both parties have rights and duties with respect to each other. Courts have power, only if plaintiffs or prosecutors exercise their power to commence a lawsuit. Sovereign states are immune because courts lack power over them, in which case courts are said to have a disability with respect to sovereigns.
If I ‘‘own’’ property, it means that I have various rights with respect to the thing constituting my property--the ‘‘bundle’’ of sticks or rights. I probably have the right to exclude and everyone else in the world has a correlative duty not to use my property. Some people may have a privilege, however, as to fly over it. I also have power with respect to my property because I can create rights in others, as by transfering some or all of the property to them, as by creating an easement, which gives the grantee certain rights vis-a-vis others and certain rights and privileges vis-a-vis me.

The questions are to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Choose the most appropriate response that accurately and completely answer the question.
What is phishing ?
Phishing is one of the easiest forms of cyberattack for criminals to carry out, and one of the easiest to fall for. It’s also one that can provide everything hackers need to ransack their targets’ personal and work accounts.
Usually carried out over email – although the phishing scam has now spread beyond suspicious emails to phone calls (so-called ‘vishing’) social media, messaging services (aka ‘smishing’) and apps – a basic phishing attack attempts to trick the target into doing what the scammer wants. That might be handing over passwords to make it easier to hack a company, or altering bank details so that payments go to fraudsters instead of the correct account.
Phishing is also a popular method for cyber attackers to deliver malware, by encouraging victims to download a document or visit a link that will secretly install the malicious payload in attacks that could be distributing trojan malware, ransomware or all manner of damaging and disruptive attacks. The aim and the precise mechanics of the scams vary : for example, victims might be tricked into clicking a link through to a fake web page with the aim of persuading the user to enter personal information – it’s estimated that an average of 1.4 million of these websites are created every month.
More complex phishing schemes can involve a long game, with hackers using fake social media profiles, emails and more to build up a rapport with the victim over months or even years in cases where specific individuals are targeted for data that they would only ever hand over to people they trust.
That data can range from personal or corporate email address and password, to financial data such as credit card details or online banking credentials or even personal data such as date of birth, address and a social security number.
How does a phishing attack work ?
A basic phishing attack attempts to trick a user into entering personal details or other confidential information, and email is the most common method of performing these attacks.
The sheer number of emails sent every single day means that it’s an obvious attack vector for cyber criminals. It’s estimated that 3.7 billion people send around 269 billion emails every single day.
Researchers at Symantec suggest that almost one in every 2,000 of these emails is a phishing email, meaning around 135 million phishing attacks are attempted every day.
Most people simply don’t have the time to carefully analyse every message that lands in their inbox – and it’s this that phishers look to exploit in a number of ways.
Scams vary in their targets – some are aiming at unwary consumers. Here, their email subject line will be designed to catch the victim’s eye – common phishing campaign techniques include offers of prizes won in fake competitions such as lotteries or contests by retailers offering a ‘winning voucher’.
In this example, in order to ‘win’ the prize, the victims are asked to enter their details such as name, date of birth, address and bank details in order to claim. Obviously, there’s no prize and all they’ve done is put their personal details into the hands of hackers.

The questions are to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Choose the most appropriate response that accurately and completely answer the question.
During her grandfather’s reign, Elizabeth was third in the line of succession to the British throne, behind her uncle Edward and her father. Her younger and only sister Margaret was next in the line of succession. When her grandfather died in 1936 and her uncle succeeded as Edward VIII, she became second in line to the throne, after her father. Later that year, Edward abdicated without any issue (i.e., child), after his proposed marriage to divorced socialite Wallis Simpson provoked a constitutional crisis. Consequently, Elizabeth’s father became king, taking the regnal name George VI. Since Elizabeth had no brothers, she became heir presumptive. If her parents had subsequently had a son, he would have been heir apparent and above her in the line of succession, which was determined by the male-preference primogeniture (as against female-preference primogeniture or primogeniture simpliciter) in effect at the time.
George VI’s health declined during 1951, and Elizabeth frequently stood in for him at public events. When she toured Canada and visited President Harry S. Truman in Washington, D.C., in October 1951, her private secretary, Martin Charteris, carried a draft accession declaration in case of the King’s death while she was on tour. In early 1952, Elizabeth and Philip set out for a tour of Australia and New Zealand by way of the British colony of Kenya. On 6 February 1952, they had just returned to their Kenyan home, Sagana Lodge, after a night spent at Treetops Hotel, when word arrived of the death of George VI and Elizabeth’s consequent accession to the throne with immediate effect. Philip broke the news to the new queen. She chose to retain Elizabeth as her regnal name; thus she was called Elizabeth II, which offended many Scots, as she was the first Elizabeth to rule in Scotland. She was proclaimed queen throughout her realms and the royal party hastily returned to the United Kingdom. Elizabeth and Philip moved into Buckingham Palace.

The compass is one of the oldest navigational tools we have. Since mankind began to understand more about navigation, compasses have been crucial to the achievement of major feats such as the first transoceanic voyages and the circumnavigation of the globe. None of this would have been possible without the aid of the compass in performing navigation calculations over long distances.
Early explorers had to use local landmarks and the stars to navigate. This made it very difficult to travel to far or unknown destinations. Compasses were one of the key breakthroughs that made such voyages possible. So how exactly does a compass work ?
A compass works by detecting and responding to the Earth’s natural magnetic fields. The Earth has an iron core that is part liquid and part solid crystal, due to gravitational pressure. It is believed that movement in the liquid outer core is what produces the Earth’s magnetic field. Like all such fields, the Earth’s magnetic field has two poles - North and South. These magnetic poles are slightly off from the Earth’s axis of rotation, which is used as the basis of the geographic poles - however the magnetic and geographic poles are close enough to allow a compass to serve as a valuable navigation tool, especially when adjustments are made for the polar differences - such adjustments being referred to as declination.
In September 2019, for the first time in over 360 years, compasses at Greenwich pointed true north. Most of the time, however, compasses don’t actually point precisely towards the North Pole.
True north is the direction that points directly towards the geographic North Pole. This is a fixed point on the Earth’s globe. Magnetic north is quite different : it is the direction that a compass needle points to as it aligns with the Earth’s magnetic field.
The magnetic North Pole shifts and changes over time in response to changes in the Earth’s magnetic core : it isn’t a fixed point.
This difference between true North and the North heading on a compass forms an angle, referred to as declination. Declination varies from place to place because the Earth’s magnetic field is not uniform - it dips and undulates.

The questions are to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Choose the most appropriate response that accurately and completely answer the question.
Aristotle, an ancient philosopher, was one of the first to discuss syllogisms. In Prior Analytics, published around 350 BCE, Aristotle outlined the basic form of syllogism which represented the earliest branch of formal logic. For Aristotle, logic revolved around deduction : “speech in which certain things having been supposed something different from those supposed results of necessity because of their being so.”
If that sounds confusing – that’s ancient philosophy for you! Let’s break it down. “The things that have been supposed” are what we now call “premises”. “What results necessarily” from those premises being true is a conclusion.
To Aristotle, if an argument was valid, it would be impossible for premises X and Y to be true and for conclusion Z to be false. Aristotle named this method of proving validity “reductio ad impossibile” : a syllogism is valid when the denial of the conclusion but acceptance of the premises would lead to a contradiction.
Aristotle divided syllogistic propositions into four different categories : universal affirmative, particular affirmative, universal negative and particular negative.
A universal affirmative syllogistic sentence : All humans need food.
A particular affirmative syllogistic sentence : Some birds can fly.
A universal negative syllogistic sentence : No dogs are cats.
A particular negative syllogistic sentence : Not all cars have four doors.
During the rise of modern formal logic, German philosopher Gottlob Frege refined Aristotle’s syllogistic theory through the addition of non-categorical syllogisms. These are syllogisms that rely on premises and can be hypothetical, or which include disjunctions like ‘or’. The hypothetical form of syllogisms can be traced back to Stoic philosophy, but modern philosophers tend to attribute the theory to Frege. In the 19th century, British philosopher and economist John Neville Keynes also helped make non-categorical syllogisms popular.
Here’s an example of a hypothetical syllogism :
1. If it is sunny tomorrow, I can go running.
2. It is sunny.
3. Therefore, I can go running.
Here’s an example of a disjunctive syllogism :
1. Patrick studies English or Linguistics.
2. Patrick is not studying Linguistics.
3. Therefore, he is studying English.
In the Begriffsschrift (German for “Concept-Script”), he refined Aristotle’s system by developing a logical system that explained how quantifiers (words like “all” and “some”) work. His system also became the basis for modern computer science.

The questions are to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Choose the most appropriate response that accurately and completely answer the question.
Within the turbulent past few years, the idea that a person can be “cancelled” — in other words, culturally blocked from having a prominent public platform or career — has become a polarizing topic of debate. The rise of “cancel culture” and the idea of cancelling someone coincides with a familiar pattern: A celebrity or other public figure does or says something offensive; a public backlash, often fuelled by politically progressive social media, ensues. Then come the calls to cancel the person — that is, to effectively end their career or revoke their cultural cachet, whether through boycotts of their work or disciplinary action from an employer.
To many people, this process of publicly calling for accountability, and boycotting if nothing else seems to work, has become an important tool of social justice — a way of combating, through collective action, some of the huge power imbalances that often exist between public figures with far-reaching platforms and audiences, and the people and communities their words and actions may harm.
But conservative politicians and pundits have increasingly embraced the argument that cancel culture, rather than being a way of speaking truth to power, has spun out of control and become a senseless form of social media mob rule. At the 2020 Republican National Convention, for example, numerous speakers, including President Trump, addressed cancel culture directly, and one delegate resolution even explicitly targeted the phenomenon, describing it as having “grown into erasing of history, encouraging lawlessness, muting citizens, and violating free exchange of ideas, thoughts, and speech.”
Actually, ending someone’s career through the power of public backlash is difficult. Few entertainers or other public figures have truly been cancelled — that is, while they may have faced considerable negative criticism and calls to be held accountable for their statements and actions, very few of them have truly experienced career-ending repercussions.
Harry Potter author, J.K. Rowling, for example, has faced intense criticism from her own fans since she began to voice transphobic beliefs, making her one of the most prominently “cancelled” individuals at the centre of the cancel culture debate. But following Rowling’s publication, in June 2020, of a transphobic manifesto, sales of the author’s books actually increased tremendously in her home country of Great Britain.

Choose the option which most appropriately expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrases underlined in the given sentences.
We are unsure of what the Management’s reaction will be,so we’ll just have to play by the ear.

Choose the option which most appropriately expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrases underlined in the given sentences.
The Boss tends to exaggerate so we take what he says with a pinch of salt.

Choose the option which most appropriately expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrases underlined in the given sentences.
You have just avoided relegation by the skin of your teeth.

Choose the option which most appropriately expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrases underlined in the given sentences.
I am just biding my time, planning and looking for a property that’s perfect for my family.

Choose the option which most appropriately expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrases underlined in the given sentences.
The team’s business went belly-up during the long recession.

Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blanks.
The ______prose of scientific journals does not lure the common reader.

Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blanks.
And to cap it all, there’s a ______on board, and most of us suspect the newly recruited intern!

This question has a word followed by four choices.Select the suitable antonym.
Approbation

Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blanks.
Marginalized communities that were traditionally _____to the edges have found a voice on the internet.

Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blanks.
Less talked about is the way fame can make virtually all aspects of your life faintly _____.

Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blanks.
Being ______to his father’s ways,Dinesh had no difficulty in ignoring his jibes.

Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blanks.
The Chairperson’s vision tended always towards the inclusive and___, an outlook that they credited to their upbringing.

Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blanks.
Two days ago Charan Singh’s horse had been the favourite, but it was _____beaten.

This question has a word followed by four choices.Select the suitable antonym.
Gregariousness

This question has a word followed by four choices.Select the suitable antonym.
Exacerbate

This question has a word followed by four choices.Select the suitable antonym.
Ectomorphic

This question has a word followed by four choices.Select the suitable antonym.
Acrimonious