Comprehension

The questions are to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Choose the most appropriate response that accurately and completely answer the question.
Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a zone in the Pacific Ocean between Hawaii and California that has a high concentration of plastic waste. The extent of the patch has been compared to the U.S. State of Texas or Alaska or even to the country of Afghanistan.
Garbage that reaches the ocean from the west coast of the United States and from the east coast of Japan is carried by currents – including the California Current, the North Equatorial Current, the North Pacific Current, and the Kuroshio – into the North Pacific subtropical gyre, the clockwise rotation of which draws in and traps solid matter such as plastics. Some 80 percent of the plastics in the garbage patch come from the land. It takes years for debris to travel from the coasts to the gyre, and as it is carried along, photodegradation causes the plastics to break down into tiny, nearly invisible bits. While there are some larger objects that come from ships and offshore oil rigs, the garbage patch could more accurately be described as a soup of microplastics. The dimensions and depth of the patch are continuously changing.
Scientists had been aware of the growing problem of plastic debris in the world’s oceans since the late 1980s. However, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch came to public attention only after 1997, when yachtsman Charles Moore, returning home after participating in the biennial Transpacific Race, chose a route that took him through the North Pacific subtropical gyre. He found himself traversing a sea of plastics. When he returned to the area the following year, he discovered that the patch had grown in both extent and density. Moore began making speeches and writing articles – notably a 2003 essay in Natural History magazine – and he changed the mission of the Algalita Research Foundation, which he had founded in 1994 to improve water quality along California’s coast. The organization now focuses on studying and publicizing the problem of plastics in oceans, in particular in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. A 2006 series of articles in the Los Angeles Times about the garbage patch won a Pulitzer Prize and raised general awareness of the problem.
In 2015 and 2016, the Dutch-based organization Ocean Cleanup found that the density of the debris in the garbage patch was much greater than expected and that the plastics absorbed pollutants, making them poisonous to marine life. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is the best known of several such zones, others of which exist in the Atlantic and Indian oceans.

Question: 1

Select the appropriate option to complete the sentence.
The word ‘Great’ in the name ‘Great Pacific Garbage Patch’ alludes to the ______ .

  • vastness of the ocean
  • magnitude of the issue
  • uniqueness of the location of the garbage patch
  • extent of the garbage patch
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (D): extent of the garbage patch.
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Question: 2

Which is the contextual clue that best helps us understand the meaning of ‘gyre’?

  • continuously changing
  • carried along
  • clockwise rotation
  • invisible bits
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (C): clockwise rotation.
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Question: 3

Select the appropriate option to fill the blank.
The ‘photo’ in photodegradation points to the role of ___________ in the degradation of the plastic.

  • water
  • sun
  • type of plastic
  • duration of plastic at coast
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (B): sun.
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Question: 4

Which of the given literary devices does the writer use in the line, ‘He found himself traversing a sea of plastics.’ ?

  • pun
  • symbolism
  • irony
  • imagery
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (D): imagery.
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Question: 5

Select the option that displays a title likely to belong to an article of the 2006 series.

  • Marine Life Conservation
  • Trash to Infiltrate the Food Chain
  • Marine Debris and Trash
  • Ocean Cleanups Around the World
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (B): Trash to Infiltrate the Food Chain.
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Question: 6

Which of the following assumptions is/are necessary to conclude that plastic waste emerging from land would be the smallest in size as it accumulates in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch ?

  • Extent of photodegradation is inversely related to time spent by plastic in oceanic water.
  • Plastic waste emerging from land and other sources are of somewhat equivalent sizes at the source of origin.
  • Both (a) and (b)
  • Neither (a) nor (b)
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (D): Neither (a) nor (b).
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Question: 7

A researcher showed that for every thousand kilometres a piece of plastic travels through oceanic water, it breaks down into 100 pieces. Each of those pieces would then also break down into 100 more pieces upon traveling a thousand kilometres. This phenomenon is analogically equivalent to _____ .

  • Reproduction of amoeba - each amoeba splits into two in a certain period of time; which then again split into two in the same period of time.
  • A train locomotive accumulating two coaches at each station it crosses.
  • Case-load of a Court increasing as a result of more fresh cases being filed every day compared to cases being disposed in the same day.
  • All the above
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (A): Reproduction of amoeba - each amoeba splits into two in a certain period of time; which then again split into two in the same period of time..
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Question: 8

It was found that between two pieces of plastic, the lighter one travels at twice the speed of the heavier one. If there are ten pieces of plastic (each with a different weight) that start from the same geographical location, the speed of the fastest piece would X times the speed of the slowest piece. X is

  • 10
  • 2 × 10 = 20
  • 2 × 9 = 18
  • 29 = 512
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (D): 29 = 512.
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Question: 9

Theoretically, filtering out all plastics from water bodies flowing into the sea and preventing direct disposal of any plastic from land into sea would

  • Eliminate the Great Pacific Garbage Patch over a sufficiently long time period.
  • Stop the growth of the size and depth of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch over a sufficiently long time period.
  • Stop the speed of growth of the size and depth of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch over a sufficiently long time period.
  • All the above
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (C): Stop the speed of growth of the size and depth of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch over a sufficiently long time period..
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Question: 10

A teacher wants to demonstrate the futility of Ocean Cleanup. She believes that unless plastic-removal is faster than plastic-accrual, the overall size and depth of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch would stay stagnant or may even increase. Which of the following analogies can she draw to drive home her argument ?

  • A filled bucket eventually empties as a result of an open outlet at the bottom of the bucket.
  • Water level in a partially filled bucket with an outlet at its bottom rises if the amount of water coming through the inlet is faster than the amount of water that goes out through the outlet.
  • Water level in a partially filled bucket with an outlet at its bottom goes down if the amount of water coming through the inlet is slower than the amount of water that goes out through the outlet.
  • Both (b) and (c)
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (D): Both (b) and (c).
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Question: 11

From the passage, it is clear that both plastic accumulation and oceanic pollution are negatively affecting marine life. As a scientist, you conduct a series of experiments to determine the extent (if any) of their contribution to degradation of marine life. The details of the experiments and their results are below :
  1. Check if plastic accumulation in sterile, non-polluting conditions affects marine life. It turns out that marine life is negatively affected. The measurement of the effect is X units.
  2. Separately, check if any kind of pollution in some non-plastic environment affects marine life. It turns out that marine life is not affected at all.
  3. Separately, check if pollution absorbed by accumulated plastic affects marine life. It turns out that marine life is negatively affected. The measurement of the effect is 2X units.
What, if anything, can be concluded from the experiment ?

  • Pollution is always dangerous to marine life.
  • Pollution is dangerous for marine life only if it takes place in an environment where plastic has accumulated.
  • Plastic accumulation poses no threat in a non-polluted environment.
  • None of the above conclusions can be drawn.
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (D): None of the above conclusions can be drawn. .
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Question: 12

It is found in a series of experiments that big pieces of plastic (defined as being larger than 100cm2 in size) take T amount of time to break into halves due to photodegradation, and smaller pieces of plastic (defined as being smaller than 10cm2 in size) take \(\frac T3\) amount of time to break into halves due to photodegradation, which of the following is correct ?

  • Rate of photodegradation is inversely related to size of original piece of plastic.
  • Rate of photodegradation is directly related to size of original piece of plastic.
  • Rate of photodegradation is independent of size of original piece of plastic.
  • Rate of photodegradation is not dependent on any factor other than size of original piece of plastic.
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (A): Rate of photodegradation is inversely related to size of original piece of plastic..
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