Comprehension
Wesley Hohfeld, a Harvard law professor in the early part of the 20th Century, developed an analytical framework for understanding interests in property. Hohfeld’s eight terms are arranged in two tables of ‘correlatives’ and ‘opposites’ that structure the internal relationships among the different fundamental legal rights.
Jural Opposites :
A privilege is the opposite of a duty ; a no-right is the opposite of a right. A disability is the opposite of a power ; an immunity is the opposite of a liability.
Jural Correlatives :
‘‘Correlatives’’ signifies that these interests exist on opposing sides of a pair of persons involved in a legal relationship. If someone has a right, it exists with respect to someone else who has a duty. If someone has a privilege, it exists with respect to someone else who has no-right. If someone has a power, it exists with respect to someone else who has a liability. If someone has an immunity, it exists with respect to someone else who has a disability.
A right can be enforced by a lawsuit against the person who has the correlative duty. A privilege negates that right and duty, and typically would be asserted as an affirmative defense in the lawsuit. A power is the capacity to create or change a legal relationship. For example, when someone makes an offer of a contract, that gives the offeree the power to create a contract by accepting the offer (or not). If the power to create the contract is exercised, then both parties have rights and duties with respect to each other. Courts have power, only if plaintiffs or prosecutors exercise their power to commence a lawsuit. Sovereign states are immune because courts lack power over them, in which case courts are said to have a disability with respect to sovereigns.
If I ‘‘own’’ property, it means that I have various rights with respect to the thing constituting my property--the ‘‘bundle’’ of sticks or rights. I probably have the right to exclude and everyone else in the world has a correlative duty not to use my property. Some people may have a privilege, however, as to fly over it. I also have power with respect to my property because I can create rights in others, as by transfering some or all of the property to them, as by creating an easement, which gives the grantee certain rights vis-a-vis others and certain rights and privileges vis-a-vis me.
Jural Opposites :
| Right | Privilege | Power | Immunity |
| No-right | Duty | Disability | Liability |
Jural Correlatives :
| Right | Privilege | Power | Immunity |
| Duty | No-right | Liability | Disability |
A right can be enforced by a lawsuit against the person who has the correlative duty. A privilege negates that right and duty, and typically would be asserted as an affirmative defense in the lawsuit. A power is the capacity to create or change a legal relationship. For example, when someone makes an offer of a contract, that gives the offeree the power to create a contract by accepting the offer (or not). If the power to create the contract is exercised, then both parties have rights and duties with respect to each other. Courts have power, only if plaintiffs or prosecutors exercise their power to commence a lawsuit. Sovereign states are immune because courts lack power over them, in which case courts are said to have a disability with respect to sovereigns.
If I ‘‘own’’ property, it means that I have various rights with respect to the thing constituting my property--the ‘‘bundle’’ of sticks or rights. I probably have the right to exclude and everyone else in the world has a correlative duty not to use my property. Some people may have a privilege, however, as to fly over it. I also have power with respect to my property because I can create rights in others, as by transfering some or all of the property to them, as by creating an easement, which gives the grantee certain rights vis-a-vis others and certain rights and privileges vis-a-vis me.
Question: 1
The text is an example of a passage that is
The text is an example of a passage that is
Updated On: Aug 4, 2024
- literary
- descriptive
- argumentative
- informative
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (D): informative.
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Question: 2
Select the words from the text that correctly substitutes the underlined words in the following sentence :
She gained exemption from the accountability of paying excessive maintenance, when the apartment owner changed.
Select the words from the text that correctly substitutes the underlined words in the following sentence :
She gained exemption from the accountability of paying excessive maintenance, when the apartment owner changed.
She gained exemption from the accountability of paying excessive maintenance, when the apartment owner changed.
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- power, defence
- privilege, offeree
- respect, contract
- immunity, liability
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The Correct Option is D
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The correct option is (D): immunity, liability.
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Question: 3
Which option includes a foreign word used in the English language from the text ?
Which option includes a foreign word used in the English language from the text ?
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- correlative
- plaintiff
- vis-a-vis
- grantee
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The Correct Option is C
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The correct option is (C): vis-a-vis.
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Question: 4
Select the option that can be used as a title from the text.
Select the option that can be used as a title from the text.
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- All Rights Reserved
- Fine Print
- Letter of the Law
- Burden of Proof
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The Correct Option is C
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The correct option is (C): Letter of the Law.
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Question: 5
Select the option that includes information that is an appropriate fit into the passage.
Select the option that includes information that is an appropriate fit into the passage.
Updated On: Aug 4, 2024
- Hegel, Kant, Hume and others say that ‘right’ refers to the power of self-expression. However, Duguit opposes this vehemently. Another theorist of Rights is Ihering, a great German jurist.
- Human rights are those which considering their rationality, faith, age, race is intrinsic to all human beings. One of the great achievements of the U.N. is the creation of a comprehensive body of human rights law.
- A legal right is an interest accepted and protected by law. If these rights get violated then the person has the right to move the Court for enforcing rights.
- Any debasement of any legal right is punishable by law. Employment and discrimination laws provide the legal framework defining an employee’s rights to freedom from being discriminated against by the employer.
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (C): A legal right is an interest accepted and protected by law. If these rights get violated then the person has the right to move the Court for enforcing rights..
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Question: 6
If X has a right vis-a-vis everyone else, and Y has a privilege vis-a-vis X, then X has a ______ vis-a-vis Y.
If X has a right vis-a-vis everyone else, and Y has a privilege vis-a-vis X, then X has a ______ vis-a-vis Y.
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- No-right
- Duty
- No-duty
- None of the above
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The Correct Option is A
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The correct option is (A): No-right.
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Question: 7
X and Y enter into a contract that provides as follows : “The quantum and time of payment, if any, shall be determined by A on the basis of the parties’ performance of their obligations under this contract.” Here, A has ______ vis-a-vis X and Y.
X and Y enter into a contract that provides as follows : “The quantum and time of payment, if any, shall be determined by A on the basis of the parties’ performance of their obligations under this contract.” Here, A has ______ vis-a-vis X and Y.
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- Immunity
- Right
- Power
- Disability
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The Correct Option is C
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The correct option is (C): Power.
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Question: 8
Every person can travel on any road, unless it is blocked by a person who owns that road. Every person has _______ vis-a-vis the owner of the road.
Every person can travel on any road, unless it is blocked by a person who owns that road. Every person has _______ vis-a-vis the owner of the road.
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- A right
- A privilege
- An immunity
- None of the above
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The Correct Option is D
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The correct option is (D): None of the above.
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Question: 9
In the facts of the question above, the owner of the road has _______ vis-a-vis everyone else.
In the facts of the question above, the owner of the road has _______ vis-a-vis everyone else.
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- A right
- A privilege
- An immunity
- None of the above
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The Correct Option is A
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The correct option is (A): A right.
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Question: 10
If A has a right to claim damages from B, then B has _____ to pay damages to A.
If A has a right to claim damages from B, then B has _____ to pay damages to A.
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- Duty
- Liability
- Immunity
- Disability
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The Correct Option is A
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The correct option is (A): Duty.
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Question: 11
The owner of land can lease the property to any other person. Under that lease, the owner can allow sub-leasing. The owner of the land has ______ vis-a-vis the property.
The owner of land can lease the property to any other person. Under that lease, the owner can allow sub-leasing. The owner of the land has ______ vis-a-vis the property.
Updated On: Aug 4, 2024
- Right
- Power
- Immunity
- Liability
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The Correct Option is B
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The correct option is (B): Power.
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Question: 12
If X infringes Y’s copyright, Y can sue X. Y has _____ vis-a-vis X.
If X infringes Y’s copyright, Y can sue X. Y has _____ vis-a-vis X.
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- Right
- Power
- No-duty
- Immunity
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The Correct Option is A
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The correct option is (A): Right.
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Top Questions on Reading Comprehension
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Argument 2: Yes, Lionel Messi is the most followed footballer across social media platforms.
Argument 3: No, the Cricket World Cup has been the most profitable sports event worldwide for the last three decades.
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II. RRR must go after SM.
III. PK cannot be the first or the last movie.
IV. DL must necessarily be one removed from SM.
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I. A and Y cannot be on the consecutive days
II. C must always be followed by B
III. B and A cannot be done on alternate days
IV. X cannot be done on the first day of the week
V. No exercise can be repeated in the week
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