List of top Chemical Technology Questions

Methane combusts with air in a furnace as \( \text{CH}_4 + 2\text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \). The heat of reaction \( \Delta H_\text{r} = -880 \, \text{kJ/mol CH}_4 \), and is assumed to be constant. The furnace is well-insulated, and no other side reactions occur. All components behave as ideal gases with a constant molar heat capacity \( c_p = 40 \, \text{J mol}^{-1} \, \text{°C}^{-1} \). Air may be considered as 20 mol\% \( \text{O}_2 \) and 80 mol\% \( \text{N}_2 \). The air-fuel mixture enters the furnace at \( 50 \, \text{°C} \). The methane conversion \( X \) varies with the air-to-methane mole ratio, \( r \), as: \[ X = 1 - 0.1e^{-2(r-r_s)}, \, \text{with} \, 0.9r_s \leq r \leq 1.3r_s, \] where \( r_s \) is the stoichiometric air-to-methane mole ratio. For \( r = 1.05r_s \), the exit flue gas temperature in \( \, \text{°C} \), rounded off to 1 decimal place, is:
Two parallel first-order liquid phase reactions \( A \xrightarrow{k_1} B \) and \( A \xrightarrow{k_2} C \) are carried out in a well-mixed isothermal batch reactor. The initial concentration of \( A \) in the reactor is \( 1 \, \text{kmol} \, \text{m}^{-3} \), while that of \( B \) and \( C \) is zero. After \( 2 \, \text{hours} \), the concentration of \( A \) reduces to half its initial value, and the concentration of \( B \) is twice that of \( C \). The rate constants \( k_1 \) and \( k_2 \), in \( \text{h}^{-1} \), are respectively:
The rate of a reaction \( A \rightarrow B \) is \( 0.2 \, \text{mol} \, \text{m}^{-3} \, \text{s}^{-1} \) at a particular concentration \( C_{A1} \). The rate constant of the reaction at a given temperature is \( 0.1 \, \text{m}^3 \, \text{mol}^{-1} \, \text{s}^{-1} \). If the reactant concentration is increased to \( 10 \, C_{A1} \) at the same temperature, the reaction rate, in \( \text{mol} \, \text{m}^{-3} \, \text{s}^{-1} \), is:
The ratio of the activation energy of a chemical reaction to the universal gas constant is \( 1000 \, \text{K} \). The temperature dependence of the reaction rate constant follows the collision theory. The ratio of the rate constant at \( 600 \, \text{K} \) to that at \( 400 \, \text{K} \) is:
Which of the following statements with reference to the petroleum/petrochemical industry is/are correct?
In an ammonia manufacturing facility, the necessary hydrogen is generated from methane. The facility consists of the following process units - P: Methanator, Q: CO shift convertor, R: CO2 stripper, S: Reformer, T: Ammonia convertor The correct order of these units, starting from methane feed is
Which are true for Petroleum / Petrochemicals?