Write Valence Bond Theory (VBT) of coordination compounds. Also state the demerits of this theory.
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Solution and Explanation
Valence Bond Theory (VBT):
- VBT explains the bonding in coordination compounds by considering the hybridization of orbitals on the central metal atom or ion.
- The metal ion provides vacant orbitals to accommodate the lone pairs of electrons donated by ligands, forming coordinate covalent bonds.
- The geometry of the complex depends on the type of hybridization:
- \( sp^3 \): Tetrahedral
- \( dsp^2 \): Square planar
- \( d^2sp^3 \): Octahedral
Demerits of VBT:
1. Fails to explain the color of coordination compounds.
2. Cannot account for the magnetic properties of some complexes.
3. Does not provide a quantitative measure of bond strength or stability.
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The Crystal Field Theory (CFT) of coordination compounds is based on the effect of different crystal fields (provided by the ligands taken as point charges) on the degeneracy of d-orbital energies of the central metal atom/ion. The splitting of the d-orbitals provides different electronic arrangements in strong and weak crystal fields. In tetrahedral coordination entity formation, the d-orbital splitting is smaller as compared to the octahedral entity.
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