Write the significance/applications of dipole moment.
Solution and Explanation
In heteronuclear molecules, polarization arises due to a difference in the electronegativities of the constituents of atoms. As a result, one end of the molecule acquires a positive charge while the other end becomes negative. Hence, a molecule is said to possess a dipole.
The product of the magnitude of the charge and the distance between the centres of positive-negative charges is called the dipole moment \((\mu)\) of the molecule. It is a vector quantity and is represented by an arrow with its tail at the positive centre and head pointing towards a negative centre.
Dipole moment \((\mu)\) = charge \((Q)\) x distance of separation \((r)\)
The SI unit of a dipole moment is '\(esu\)'.
\(1 \;esu\) = \(3.335 \times 10^{ -30}\; cm\)
Dipole moment is the measure of the polarity of a bond. It is used to differentiate between polar and non-polar bonds since all non-polar molecules (e.g. \(H_2\), \(O_2\)) have zero dipole moments. It is also helpful in calculating the percentage ionic character of a molecule.
Top Questions on Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
- Strong ionic bond is formed between ____ and ____ group elements.
- AP POLYCET - 2024
- Chemistry
- Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
- lonic bond is formed due to which of the following?
- AP POLYCET - 2021
- Chemistry
- Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
- When a metal atom forms ionic bond with a non-metal atom, the metal atom will
- AP POLYCET - 2021
- Chemistry
- Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
- Element 'A' forms tripositive ion and element 'B' forms dinegative ion. The chemical formula of the compound formed with A and B will be
- AP POLYCET - 2019
- Chemistry
- Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
- 'Sigma bond' is formed by
- AP POLYCET - 2019
- Chemistry
- Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
Questions Asked in CBSE Class XI exam
- Find the sum to indicated number of terms in each of the geometric progressions in 1, – a, \(a^2\), –\(a^3\), ... n terms (if a ≠ – 1).
- CBSE Class XI
- geometric progression
- Find n if n-1P3: nP3 = 1: 9.
- CBSE Class XI
- Permutations
- Give a brief description of the principles of the following techniques taking an example in each case.(a) Crystallisation (b) Distillation (c) Chromatography.
- CBSE Class XI
- Organic Chemistry- Some Basic Principles and Techniques
- Three reasons why the author’s grandmother was disturbed when he started going to the city school.
- CBSE Class XI
- The Portrait of a lady
- Draw diagrams showing the formation of a double bond and a triple bond between carbon atoms in \(C_2H_4\) and \(C_2H_2\) molecules.
- CBSE Class XI
- Bond Parameters
Concepts Used:
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Such a group of atoms is called a molecule. Obviously, there must be some force that holds these constituent atoms together in the molecules. The attractive force which holds various constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together in different chemical species is called a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds:
There are 4 types of chemical bonds which are formed by atoms or molecules to yield compounds.
- Ionic Bonds - Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding which involves a transfer of electrons from one atom or molecule to another.
- Covalent Bonds - Compounds that contain carbon commonly exhibit this type of chemical bonding.
- Hydrogen Bonds - It is a type of polar covalent bonding between oxygen and hydrogen wherein the hydrogen develops a partial positive charge
- Polar Bonds - In Polar Covalent chemical bonding, electrons are shared unequally since the more electronegative atom pulls the electron pair closer to itself and away from the less electronegative atom.
Factors Affecting Bond Enthalpy in Chemical Bonding:
- Size of the Atom
- Multiplicity of Bonds
- Number of Lone Pair of Electrons Present
- Bond Angle