Question

Write the definition of hydrate isomerism with example.

Hint:

Hydrate isomerism can be observed when different numbers of water molecules are coordinated to the metal center or present in the lattice.

Answer 1

Step 1: Hydrate Isomerism Definition.
Hydrate isomerism occurs when two or more isomers exist for a coordination compound due to the different ways in which water molecules can be incorporated into the complex. Hydrate isomers differ by the number of water molecules directly bonded to the metal ion versus those that are present in the crystal lattice.

Step 2: Example.
An example is the complex \( [CoCl_2(H_2O)_4] \) and \( [Co(H_2O)_6]Cl_2 \). In the first complex, four water molecules are directly coordinated to the cobalt ion, while in the second, six water molecules are coordinated, and two chloride ions are in the crystal lattice.

Step 3: Conclusion.
Hydrate isomerism is a type of isomerism where water molecules are arranged differently within the complex, resulting in different compounds with distinct properties.