Troposphere: 1. The lowest layer of the atmosphere (0–12 km). 2. Contains most of the Earth’s weather phenomena. 3. Temperature decreases with altitude.
Thermosphere: 1. Extends from approximately 80 km to 500 km above the surface. 2. Contains ionized particles and reflects radio waves. 3. Temperature increases with altitude due to solar radiation.
In the figures given below, L and H indicate low and high pressure centers, respectively; PGF, CoF and CeF indicate Pressure Gradient Force, Coriolis Force and Centrifugal Force, respectively; \( V \) is Velocity. [The arrows indicate only the directions but not the magnitudes of the forces and velocity.]
Which of the following is/are the correct representation(s) of the directions of various forces and velocity in the gradient wind balance in the northern hemisphere?
Which of the following is the correct form of the mass divergence form of the continuity equation for a compressible fluid? [In the given equations, \( \rho \) is the density and \( \nabla \) the three-dimensional velocity vector of the fluid.]
[(i)] $\displaystyle \frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} + \nabla \times (\rho \mathbf{v}) = 0$
[(ii)] $\displaystyle \frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} + \nabla \cdot (\rho \mathbf{v}) = 0$
[(iii)] $\displaystyle \frac{\partial \mathbf{v}}{\partial t} + \rho \cdot \nabla \mathbf{v} = 0$
[(iv)] $\displaystyle \frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} + \mathbf{v} \cdot \nabla \rho = 0$
Select TRUE statements about lymph from the following:
A. Lymph vessels carry lymph through the body and finally open into larger arteries.
B. Lymph contains some amount of plasma, proteins and blood cells.
C. Lymph contains some amount of plasma, proteins and red blood cells.
D. Lymph vessels carry lymph through the body and finally open into larger veins.
The true statements are: